關於愛，我是個小學生。

20150613

學測指考閱讀測驗全攻略

零、閱讀教材年年更新的重要 

壹、作閱讀測驗要注意什麼？

一、單字片語、單字片語、單字片語、單字片語、文法、文法、句型、句型！ 

二、第一句理論 

三、人事時地物與數字單位 

四、利用接續詞判斷語氣文意的轉折 

五、從題目找答案 

貳、幾個免費到府服務的英文閱讀家教老師 (由初學到精熟)：

1. Phrasal Verbs Demon

http://takeoff.to/phrasalverbs

專門針對動詞片語學習，每一篇章 (新聞故事或歌曲) 都有詳細的解釋和例句，還有Practice和Games可以供同學練習。

2. ELC Study Zone

http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/index.htm

測驗分別等級，循序漸進。有文法、閱讀理解多樣單元，附測驗題目，內容多屬小段故事，簡單易懂好上手。 

3. CDLP News Stories

http://www.cdlponline.org/news.html

新聞英文專門學習網站。豐富的新聞故事，簡短並有摘要；測驗題目亦多樣富變化。 

4. English Works! Reading Exercises:

http://depts.gallaudet.edu/englishworks/exercises/main/reading.html

練練看填空題吧！有點挑戰性囉！ 

5. Soon Online Magazine

http://www.soon.org.uk/page24.htm

介紹改進英文作文的幾個技巧與方法，在閱讀部分 (Read It)，有許多短篇故事及詩選，亦是不錯的高中作文範本。這些篇章內容有趣，或可喚起讀者寫作的興趣。 

6. The English Server Fiction Collection:

http://eserver.org/fiction/

困難的專類英文閱讀。選自世界各地的短篇小說、雜誌、評論、戲劇、詩集、得獎作品 (普立茲、諾貝爾文學獎等)，可習得近乎全領域一般英文知識。 

7. World Wide School Library

http://www.worldwideschool.org/library/catalogs/bysubject-top.html

根本專業英文論文圖書館。自然科學、文學、史學、哲學、法學、商學、宗教等各研究領域較專業的英文，免費線上閱讀全文。 

叁、實例演練

A. 簡單版

Andrew Carnegie, once the world's richest person, was born in 1835 to a weaver's family in Scotland. As a child, he was expected to follow his father's profession. But the industrial revolution destroyed the weavers' craft, and the family had to leave for new possibilities in America.

In 1848 the Carnegies arrived in Pittsburgh, then the iron-manufacturing center of the country. Young Carnegie took odd jobs at a cotton factory and later worked as a messenger boy in the telegraph office. He was often asked to deliver messages to the city theater, where he would stay to watch plays by great playwrights. He also spent most of his leisure hours in a small library that a local benefactor made available to working boys.

After the Civil War, Carnegie saw great potential in the iron industry. He devoted himself to the replacement of wooden bridges with stronger iron ones and earned a fortune. He further introduced a new steel refining process to convert iron into steel. By 1900, Carnegie Steel produced more of the metal than all of Great Britain. However, Carnegie often expressed his uneasiness with the businessman's life.

Wishing to spend more time receiving instruction and reading systematically, he once wrote, "To continue much longer overwhelmed by business cares and with most of my thoughts wholly upon the way to make more money in the shortest time, must degrade me beyond hope of permanent recovery." The strong desire for intellectual pursuit led him to sell his company and retire at 64.

Fond of saying that "the man who dies rich dies disgraced," Carnegie then turned his attention to giving away his fortune. He abhorred charity; instead, he used his money to help others help themselves. He established over 2,500 public libraries, and sponsored numerous cultural, educational and scientific institutions. By the time he died in 1919, he had given away 350 million dollars. 

1. Why did Andrew Carnegie move to the United States?

(A) Because his father was offered a good job in Pittsburgh.

(B) Because he did not want to follow his father's profession.

(C) Because there were serious political problems in Scotland.

(D) Because his family could not make a good living in their hometown. 

2. When did Carnegie begin to show his interest in artistic and intellectual pursuit?

(A) After he retired from his business.

(B) When he was a young boy back in Scotland.

(C) After he earned his fortune from his iron business.

(D) When he worked as a messenger boy in Pittsburgh. 

3. Which of the following best characterizes how Carnegie managed his business?

(A) He was willing to make new changes.

(B) He set out to beat all the other competitors.

(C) He was happy to make more money in the shortest time.

(D) He did not hesitate in making investments in his hometown. 

4. How did Carnegie handle his fortune after his retirement?

(A) He left it to his family and friends after he died.

(B) He gave it to poor people and charity organizations.

(C) He used it to support organizations of higher learning.

(D) He invested it in developing new technology in steel refinement. (96年指考) 

B. 深度版

The uncanny valley is a hypothesis regarding the field of robotics. The theory holds that when robots or other copies of humans look and act almost like actual humans, it causes a response of revulsion among observers.

The term was coined by a robotic specialist Masahiro Mori. Mori states that as a robot is made ever-increasingly humanlike in its appearance and motion, the emotional response from an individual to the robot will become increasingly positive and empathic, until a point is reached beyond which the response quickly becomes that of strong disgust. However, as the appearance and motion continue to become less distinguishable from an individual, the emotional response becomes positive once more and approaches human-to-human empathy levels.

The truth of the uncanny valley was examined with one recent study. A group of five monkeys were shown three images: two different 3D monkey faces (realistic, unrealistic), and a real photo of a monkey's face. The time of eye-gazing was used as a proxy for the result. Since the realistic 3D monkey face had been looked for lesser time than the others, this indicated that the monkey participants found the realistic 3D face aversive, or otherwise preferred the other two images.

The concept of the uncanny valley is taken seriously by the film industry due to negative audience reactions to the animated humans. To avoid the uncanny valley as much as possible, animators will take some measures. For example, design elements should match in human realism. That is to say, if an animated character looks more human than its movement, this gives a negative impression. Animated humans may look uncanny when human and nonhuman elements are mixed, which are what animators must subside so that they can ensure most of the audience a pleasant experience of going to the movies. (指考題庫，Treak老師提供) 

1. According to Mori, when you see a robot continually becoming more like a human, how may your emotion change?

(A) You may feel more and more comfortable from start to end.

(B) You may feel comfortable at first, and feel unpleasant at one point, but later come back to the comfortable status.

(C) You may feel unpleasant for a long time, but feel comfortable when the robot becomes totally the same as a human.

(D) You may feel unpleasant at first, but feel more and more comfortable after you get used to its transforming. 

2. The time of eye-gazing was used as a proxy by the researchers to ______

(A) select suitable monkeys to be in the experiment.

(B) help monkeys practice staring at things for a long time.

(C) judge whether the monkeys like the photos or not.

(D) avoid experimental errors in the experiment. 

3. What is the main idea of the 4th paragraph?

(A) The opportunity of animated humans’ appearing in the movie have now decreased because of the audience lacking interests in them.

(B) The pessimistic audience experiences the severe uncanny valley problem when seeing animated humans.

(C) Audience feels pleasant when seeing movies that seriously discuss the problem of the uncanny valley. 

(D) To solve the uncanny valley problem, animators try their best to balance animated humans’ actions and looks. 

4. What can be inferred from this passage?

(A) Not only human beings, but the other animals may experience the uncanny valley.

(B) You will experience the uncanny valley when you see a man in a costume of robots.

(C) We feel more empathy when we see robots than we see humans.

(D) Now animators can entirely avoid the uncanny valley problem in the animation.