寶卷，是變文的嫡派子孫。當變文在宋初被禁時，寺廟不能再繼續講唱故事。但由於民間對於講唱故事的喜愛，於是在瓦子裏便有人模擬和尚們的講唱文學，而有所謂諸宮調、小說、講史的出現。再過一段時期，和尚們也出現在瓦子的講唱場中，有所謂「說經」的、「說諢經」、「說參請」的，即講唱「變文」的變相。後來的寶卷，是談經等的別名，也是變文的嫡派子孫。
寶卷的體例，以韻文為主，以散文為補充說明。一般而言，每本（卷）分為二十四品，其中再畫分為四個部分﹕
一、儀式部分﹕演唱之前，先焚香請佛﹔唱畢之後，再恭送神靈菩薩。此種儀式，通常以「開經偈」、「焚香贊」、「牧經偈」三種歌訣行之。
Shamanism (薩滿宗教、薩滿主義) is a practice that involves a practitioner reaching altered states of consciousness in order to perceive and interact with what they believe to be a spirit world and channel these transcendental energies into this world.
Beliefs and practices that have been categorized as "shamanic" have attracted the interest of scholars from a wide variety of disciplines, including anthropologists, archaeologists, historians, religious studies scholars, philosophers and psychologists. Hundreds of books and academic papers on the subject have been produced, with a peer-reviewed academic journal being devoted to the study of shamanism. In the 20th century, many Westerners involved in counter-cultural movements have created modern magico-religious practices influenced by their ideas of Indigenous religions from across the world, creating what has been termed neoshamanism or the neoshamanic movement. It has affected the development of many neopagan practices, as well as faced a backlash and accusations of cultural appropriation, exploitation and misrepresentation when outside observers have tried to represent cultures to which they do not belong. Although the term has been used to describe indigenous spiritual practices, some have critiqued the term shamanism as a generalizing descriptor of complex and diverse spiritual practices that are specific to different indigenous nations and tribes. Use of the term may impose simplicity on diverse and complex indigenous cultures, reinforce racist ideas, and perpetuate notions of “other” from a colonial perspective.
The word shamanism probably derives from the Manchu-Tungus word šaman, meaning "one who knows". The word shaman may also have originated from the Evenki word šamán, most likely from the southwestern dialect spoken by the Sym Evenki peoples. The Tungusic term was subsequently adopted by Russians interacting with the Indigenous peoples in Siberia. It is found in the memoirs of the exiled Russian churchman Avvakum.
taoism
yin-yang symbol, It represents Taoism's way of understanding opposites, e.g. masculine/feminine, light/dark.
taijitsu shuo, supreme ridgepole, the foundational metaphysical principle, Diagram of the Supreme Polarity—represents the whole of Taoist Cosmology, and is similar in many ways to the Wu Ji Diagram.
神學第一 (6)