182. ｢感官動詞｣ 泛指 ｢看｣、｢聽｣、｢察覺｣ 等動作，諸如：see, hear, watch, look at 等等皆屬之，然其句構中有異於一般動詞者：
S + V感官 + O + V’ ... 或 S + V感官 + O + V’ing ... (強調霎時間動作當下的察覺)
I saw many Ron’s friends chat in front of his workshop. (我看見許多志榮的朋友在他店門口聊天。) 純粹敘述該動作之發生，並無強調其進行性。
I watched many Ron’s friends chatting in front of his workshop. (同上句；但強調當時動作的進行。)
183. 上述結構之被動語態為：S + be + V感官pp + to + V’ ...
Ron was seen to be present at the world motor fair. (有人在世界機車大展會場看見志榮的身影。)
By whom was Ron heard to teach Victor Japanese? (誰聽到志榮教松濤日文了？)
184. ｢使役動詞｣ 的定義：指使、役使受詞某行為或被行為，且具有特別結構之動詞稱之；常見者如：have, make, let, get 等等皆屬之。其結構為：
S + V (have, make, let, get, ...) + O + V’ (對受詞而言呈主動意味時)/V’pp (對受詞而言呈被動意味時) ...
Victor has Ron design his brand logo himself. (松濤叫志榮自己設計店徽。)
Ron has his hair cut. (志榮理髮。[志榮使自己的頭髮被理。])
Victor: Get your ass outa here! Ron: Tak’it EZ, bro. I’ll have your bike way well fixed. (松濤：還不趕快過來？！志榮：吼，安啦。會把你的車修得好好的啦。)
185. ｢使役動詞｣ 的被動語態：S + be + Vpp (made, let, 但不用had 及 got，而 let 亦屬罕用。) + to + V’/be V’pp + (by + O) ...
Ron is made to sleep at least 7 hours by his girlfriend every day. (志榮被女友要求每天至少睡足七小時。)
186. 請注意：force 不是使役動詞，但其被動結構和意義與使役動詞相似：
Victor forced Ron to study some English every day. = Ron was forced to study some English every day by Victor. (松濤強迫志榮每天讀一點英文。)
187. ｢連綴動詞｣ 的定義：凡後可接主詞補語或形容詞的動詞稱之；狹義而言，連綴動詞係指 be, look, taste, smell, feel, sound, become, get, turn, seem 等字而言。其結構為：
S + V連綴 + SC ...
Ron is a mechanic, an adroit mechanic. (志榮是個技師，一個技術精湛的技師。)
Later, Ron became one of the best motorbike dealers in Australia. (不久之後，志榮儼然已是全澳最佳機車零售商之一了。)
The Bible is a manual book on human lives. (聖經是一本關於人類生活的說明書。)
或 S + V連綴 + adj ...
The 10/40 motor oil seems too sticky to this type (of engines). (10/40的機油對這款(車的引擎)而言似乎太稠了。)
Don’t you think that the prototype muffler sounds too loud? (你不覺得原廠蠍子管聽起來太大聲了嗎？)
Ron’s new workshop looks shining new. (志榮的工作室看起來全新亮晶晶。)
或 S + V連綴 + 介詞 + O ...
Ron still looks like a senior high kid even though he is near thirty. (儘管已年屆三十，志榮看起來仍像是個高中生。)
It sounds like there’s a leak in between the cylinders and valves. (聽起來像是氣缸與活塞之間有間隙。)
The seat velvet feels like a fine Persian carpet. It must be much cozier when riding on it in winter. (這款毛絨坐墊摸起來像波斯地毯。有了它，冬天騎車想必舒服不少。)
188. 連綴動詞無被動語態。
待續
S + V感官 + O + V’ ... 或 S + V感官 + O + V’ing ... (強調霎時間動作當下的察覺)
I saw many Ron’s friends chat in front of his workshop. (我看見許多志榮的朋友在他店門口聊天。) 純粹敘述該動作之發生，並無強調其進行性。
I watched many Ron’s friends chatting in front of his workshop. (同上句；但強調當時動作的進行。)
183. 上述結構之被動語態為：S + be + V感官pp + to + V’ ...
Ron was seen to be present at the world motor fair. (有人在世界機車大展會場看見志榮的身影。)
By whom was Ron heard to teach Victor Japanese? (誰聽到志榮教松濤日文了？)
184. ｢使役動詞｣ 的定義：指使、役使受詞某行為或被行為，且具有特別結構之動詞稱之；常見者如：have, make, let, get 等等皆屬之。其結構為：
S + V (have, make, let, get, ...) + O + V’ (對受詞而言呈主動意味時)/V’pp (對受詞而言呈被動意味時) ...
Victor has Ron design his brand logo himself. (松濤叫志榮自己設計店徽。)
Ron has his hair cut. (志榮理髮。[志榮使自己的頭髮被理。])
Victor: Get your ass outa here! Ron: Tak’it EZ, bro. I’ll have your bike way well fixed. (松濤：還不趕快過來？！志榮：吼，安啦。會把你的車修得好好的啦。)
185. ｢使役動詞｣ 的被動語態：S + be + Vpp (made, let, 但不用had 及 got，而 let 亦屬罕用。) + to + V’/be V’pp + (by + O) ...
Ron is made to sleep at least 7 hours by his girlfriend every day. (志榮被女友要求每天至少睡足七小時。)
186. 請注意：force 不是使役動詞，但其被動結構和意義與使役動詞相似：
Victor forced Ron to study some English every day. = Ron was forced to study some English every day by Victor. (松濤強迫志榮每天讀一點英文。)
187. ｢連綴動詞｣ 的定義：凡後可接主詞補語或形容詞的動詞稱之；狹義而言，連綴動詞係指 be, look, taste, smell, feel, sound, become, get, turn, seem 等字而言。其結構為：
S + V連綴 + SC ...
Ron is a mechanic, an adroit mechanic. (志榮是個技師，一個技術精湛的技師。)
Later, Ron became one of the best motorbike dealers in Australia. (不久之後，志榮儼然已是全澳最佳機車零售商之一了。)
The Bible is a manual book on human lives. (聖經是一本關於人類生活的說明書。)
或 S + V連綴 + adj ...
The 10/40 motor oil seems too sticky to this type (of engines). (10/40的機油對這款(車的引擎)而言似乎太稠了。)
Don’t you think that the prototype muffler sounds too loud? (你不覺得原廠蠍子管聽起來太大聲了嗎？)
Ron’s new workshop looks shining new. (志榮的工作室看起來全新亮晶晶。)
或 S + V連綴 + 介詞 + O ...
Ron still looks like a senior high kid even though he is near thirty. (儘管已年屆三十，志榮看起來仍像是個高中生。)
It sounds like there’s a leak in between the cylinders and valves. (聽起來像是氣缸與活塞之間有間隙。)
The seat velvet feels like a fine Persian carpet. It must be much cozier when riding on it in winter. (這款毛絨坐墊摸起來像波斯地毯。有了它，冬天騎車想必舒服不少。)
188. 連綴動詞無被動語態。
待續
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