193. ｢分詞構句｣ 的定義：為精簡文句或篇幅而對二句子縮略並加以連接的結構用法稱之；亦可謂 ｢兩個句子不用連接詞的連接方法｣，共三步驟；即 1. 略去連接詞、2. (任一句) 動詞改為動名詞 (be動詞可以省略)、3. 注意主詞的表達，有時不宜單以代名詞表之。其中被分詞化的句子文法地位轉為副詞片語，修飾另一句之情狀 (時、地、心情等)、原因、條件、或讓步 (即便...也...)。如：
a. 分詞構句表情狀：
When Ron came into the house, he saw his girlfriend watching TV. (當志榮回家時，他見女友在看電視。)
= Coming into the house, Ron saw his girlfriend watching TV.
b. 分詞構句表原因：
Because Ron is a fan of Kevin Schwanz, he longs for his autograph. (由於志榮是凱文舒旺茲的粉絲，故渴望得其簽名。)
= Being a fan of Kevin Schwanz, Ron longs for his autograph.
c. 分詞構句表條件：
If you do so, you might get severe injuries. (如果這麼做，可能導致嚴重傷害。)
= Doing so, you might get severe injuries.
在許多機械操作手冊中，有時更加簡化為：
Doing so might get severe injuries.
d. 分詞構句表讓步：
Even if Victor doesn’t eat anything, he would never be as slim as Ron. (就算松濤啥都不吃，也不可能像志榮一樣瘦。)
= Not eating anything, Victor would never be as slim as Ron.
但有下列條件及注意事項：
a. 二句主詞必須相同 (詳d.條)。
Triumph is a good bike, and you can try it on. (凱旋牌機車不錯，值得一試。)
此句原則上因主詞不同無法改為分詞構句，但可用一些小改變使其主詞一致，再行化為分詞構句：
Being a good bike, Triumph is a bike you can try on.
b. 以欲強調之句為主句，變換之則意義有時不同。
Ron has not much money. (志榮錢不多。) + Ron works hard. (志榮努力工作。) 將其中任一句分詞化後，所呈現之語意或有不同，宜注意之：
Having not much money, Ron works hard. (意謂 ｢因為｣ 志榮錢不多，所以他才要努力工作。)
Working hard, Ron has not much money. (意謂 ｢儘管｣ 志榮很努力工作，他仍然錢不多。)
又如：Ron walks in the night market. (志榮走在夜市中。) + Ron meets Victor. (志榮遇見松濤。)
Walking in the night market, Ron meets Victor. (逛夜市時，志榮遇見松濤。)
Meeting Victor, Ron walks in the night market. (遇見松濤的時候，當時志榮在逛夜市。)
c. 須注意被分詞化之動詞與原主詞之主被動關係。
Because Ron was so impressed by the speech, he donated 100 dollars. (因為深深被那場演說感動，志榮捐了一百塊。)
= (Being) impressed by the speech, Ron donated 100 dollars. (impress與志榮呈被動關係，故以過去分詞表之。)
When Ron arrived in Melbourne, he called Victor. (抵達墨爾本時，志榮打電話給松濤。)
= Arriving in Melbourne, Ron called Victor. (arrive與志榮呈主動關係，故以現在分詞表之。)
d. 主詞不同之分詞化用法，狹意而言，並非本單元之主旨，詳見進階之文法應用，然其本意仍為精簡及強調，文法上稱為 ｢獨立分詞構句｣，此處暫且略過。
When Chris rode his VN 900 to Ron’s place, Ron looked so surprised. (看見克里斯騎著VN900前來，志榮著實吃了一驚。)
= At Chris’ (注意此處須改為所有格！) riding his VN 900 to Ron’s place, Ron looked so surprised.
待續
a. 分詞構句表情狀：
When Ron came into the house, he saw his girlfriend watching TV. (當志榮回家時，他見女友在看電視。)
= Coming into the house, Ron saw his girlfriend watching TV.
b. 分詞構句表原因：
Because Ron is a fan of Kevin Schwanz, he longs for his autograph. (由於志榮是凱文舒旺茲的粉絲，故渴望得其簽名。)
= Being a fan of Kevin Schwanz, Ron longs for his autograph.
c. 分詞構句表條件：
If you do so, you might get severe injuries. (如果這麼做，可能導致嚴重傷害。)
= Doing so, you might get severe injuries.
在許多機械操作手冊中，有時更加簡化為：
Doing so might get severe injuries.
d. 分詞構句表讓步：
Even if Victor doesn’t eat anything, he would never be as slim as Ron. (就算松濤啥都不吃，也不可能像志榮一樣瘦。)
= Not eating anything, Victor would never be as slim as Ron.
但有下列條件及注意事項：
a. 二句主詞必須相同 (詳d.條)。
Triumph is a good bike, and you can try it on. (凱旋牌機車不錯，值得一試。)
此句原則上因主詞不同無法改為分詞構句，但可用一些小改變使其主詞一致，再行化為分詞構句：
Being a good bike, Triumph is a bike you can try on.
b. 以欲強調之句為主句，變換之則意義有時不同。
Ron has not much money. (志榮錢不多。) + Ron works hard. (志榮努力工作。) 將其中任一句分詞化後，所呈現之語意或有不同，宜注意之：
Having not much money, Ron works hard. (意謂 ｢因為｣ 志榮錢不多，所以他才要努力工作。)
Working hard, Ron has not much money. (意謂 ｢儘管｣ 志榮很努力工作，他仍然錢不多。)
又如：Ron walks in the night market. (志榮走在夜市中。) + Ron meets Victor. (志榮遇見松濤。)
Walking in the night market, Ron meets Victor. (逛夜市時，志榮遇見松濤。)
Meeting Victor, Ron walks in the night market. (遇見松濤的時候，當時志榮在逛夜市。)
c. 須注意被分詞化之動詞與原主詞之主被動關係。
Because Ron was so impressed by the speech, he donated 100 dollars. (因為深深被那場演說感動，志榮捐了一百塊。)
= (Being) impressed by the speech, Ron donated 100 dollars. (impress與志榮呈被動關係，故以過去分詞表之。)
When Ron arrived in Melbourne, he called Victor. (抵達墨爾本時，志榮打電話給松濤。)
= Arriving in Melbourne, Ron called Victor. (arrive與志榮呈主動關係，故以現在分詞表之。)
d. 主詞不同之分詞化用法，狹意而言，並非本單元之主旨，詳見進階之文法應用，然其本意仍為精簡及強調，文法上稱為 ｢獨立分詞構句｣，此處暫且略過。
When Chris rode his VN 900 to Ron’s place, Ron looked so surprised. (看見克里斯騎著VN900前來，志榮著實吃了一驚。)
= At Chris’ (注意此處須改為所有格！) riding his VN 900 to Ron’s place, Ron looked so surprised.
待續
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