關於愛，我是個小學生。

chapter 4
beyond things and persons: 
transitional objects and the illusionistic world

1. there're not absolutely in our world two classes of entities beside things and persons, which can be acquired through psychological maturation and training: acculturation, the process of adopting the cultural traits or social patterns of another group. (p.57)

2. winnicott's obervation in 1951:
2.1 transitional sphere
2.2 transitional objects 
2.3 winnicott's hypotheses:
these two helps:
- constitute the ontogenetic origin and are first practice of illusion
- engagement in transitional activities prepares the child for coming to terms with such exquisitely cultural domains as religion and the arts (p.58)
- reach a unique and early form of cognitive and emotional object constancy
- between piaget's achievement of perceptual constancy and mahler's emotional constancy for persons
- transitional sphere prepares a person for an appreciation of the great goods of culture (p.60)

3. the functions of transitional objects:
- an intermediate entity that represent both 'inside' and 'outside' and may well facilitate traffic between the two
- a mother substitute
- incarnation of nascent self, emblem of self and concept of one's own territory
- the idea of possession and vouchsafing 
- practice of intense love and hate feelings
- its absence leads to search behavior 
- a screen for all kinds of imagining and magical manipulations, logically and illogically (p.59~60)

4. the illusionistic world
4.1 in value charges for primary process of fantasy and second process of reality: a supplement for freud's view in the future of an illusion in 1927, 'men cannot remain children for ever; they must in the end go out into 'hostile life'. we may call this 'education to reality'', and for his pleasure principle in civilization and its discontents in 1930, 'men are accustomed to moderate their claims to happiness, just as the pleasure principle itself, indeed, under the influence of the external world, changed into the more modest reality principle' (p.61)
4.2 a price for shifting from fantasy to reality: renunciation, abstinence, emancipation with mitigation through civilization (p.62)
4.3 such shifting developmental movement remains convincing derived from two sources:
- transitional objects and sphere
- a motif for thoughts about 'natural man' in light of one's own civilization (p.63)

5. the autistic, the transitional, and the realistic worlds
- internal (imago), transitional, and external objects
- untutored fantasy, tutored, and sense perception
- free, inspired, and associations
- private, cultural, and factual needs
- ineffable images (jung, 1952), verbalizable (ovid), look-and-see (cassirer, 1923-1929) (p.66)

6. a transitional object incarnates illusionistic world that connects the autistic and real worlds (p.67)

7. illusion processing
7.1 def of illusion: optically and psychologically (p.69)
7.2 illusion accrued through civilization needs demanding processes that require a great deal of special learning:
- school
- brain damage
- opposite failure (p.70)
7.3 a process can be traced, phylogenetically and ontogenetically speaking, through which autistic and brutal natural givens are shaped and modified in accordance with the reality by illusion processing. (p.71)