美國整編契約法 (第二版) (5)－關於愛，我是個小學生。

Chapter 14 Contract Beneficiaries
§ 302. Intended And Incidental Beneficiaries
(1) Unless otherwise agreed between promisor and promisee, a
beneficiary of a promise is an intended beneficiary if recognition
of a right to performance in the beneficiary is appropriate to
effectuate the intention of the parties and either
(a) the performance of the promise will satisfy an obligation of
the promisee to pay money to the beneficiary
(b) the circumstances indicate that the promisee intends to give
the beneficiary the benefit of the promised performance.
(2) An incidental beneficiary is a beneficiary who is not an intended
beneficiary.
第十四章契約受益人
第302條意定與偶定之受益人
(1) 除約定人與受約定人之間另有約定
外，如一受益人履行權利之承認係適當
實現當事人之意思及下列(a)(b)兩種中
任一情形時，該約定之受益人稱為意定
之受益人。
(a) 該允諾之履行將滿足一受約定人
向受益人為金錢給付之債務；或
(b) 情形顯示受約定人意圖給予受益
人所允諾履行之利益。
(2) 稱偶定之受益人者謂意定受益人以外
之受益人。

§ 303. Conditional Promises; Promises Under Seal
The statements in this Chapter are applicable to both conditional and
unconditional promises and to sealed and unsealed promises.
第303條附條件之允諾；蓋印允諾
本章之規定對於附條件及不附條件之約定
(允諾)與蓋印及不蓋印之約定皆有其適用。

§ 304. Creation Of Duty To Beneficiary
A promise in a contract creates a duty in the promisor to any
intended beneficiary to perform the promise, and the intended
beneficiary may enforce the duty.
第304條對受益人創設之義務
契約中一允諾創設一約定人對任何意定受
益人應履行允諾之義務，且該意定受益人
得執行該義務。

§ 305. Overlapping Duties To Beneficiary And Promisee
(1) A promise in a contract creates a duty in the promisor to the
promisee to perform the promise even though he also has a
similar duty to an intended beneficiary.
(2) Whole or partial satisfaction of the promisor's duty to the
beneficiary satisfies to that extent the promisor's duty to the
promisee.
第305條對受益人與受約定人義務之競合
(1) 契約中一允諾創設一約定人對受約定
人應履行其允諾之義務，即使其對於一
意定之受益人亦負有相似之義務。
(2) 約定人對於受益人義務之全部或一部
之滿足，於該滿足限度內滿足約定人對
受約定人之義務。

§ 306. Disclaimer By A Beneficiary
A beneficiary who has not previously assented to the promise for his
benefit may in a reasonable time after learning of its existence and
terms render any duty to himself inoperative from the beginning by
disclaimer.
第306條受益人之拒絕承諾
一前未曾就予其利益之允諾表示同意之受
益人得於知悉該允諾之存在及條款後之一
合理期間內以拒絕承諾使任何對其而生之
義務自始不生效力。

§ 307. Remedy Of Specific Performance
Where specific performance is otherwise an appropriate remedy,
either the promisee or the beneficiary may maintain a suit for
specific enforcement of a duty owed to an intended beneficiary.
第307條強制執行之救濟
於強制執行係一適當之救濟時，受約定人
或受益人得就一意定受益人得主張之義務
之強制執行提起訴訟。

§ 308. Identification Of Beneficiaries
It is not essential to the creation of a right in an intended beneficiary
that he be identified when a contract containing the promise is made.
第308條受益人之確認於包括創設權利之允諾之契約作成時，該
受益人應被確認之一事，對於意定受益人
權利之創設，並非必要。

§ 309. Defenses Against The Beneficiary
(1) A promise creates no duty to a beneficiary unless a contract is
formed between the promisor and the promisee; and if a contract
is voidable or unenforceable at the time of its formation the right
of any beneficiary is subject to the infirmity.
(2) If a contract ceases to be binding in whole or in part because of
impracticability, public policy, non-occurrence of a condition, or
present or prospective failure of performance, the right of any
beneficiary is to that extent discharged or modified.
(3) Except as stated in Subsections (1) and (2) and in § 311 or as
provided by the contract, the right of any beneficiary against the
promisor is not subject to the promisor's claims or defenses
against the promisee or to the promisee's claims or defenses
against the beneficiary.
(4) A beneficiary's right against the promisor is subject to any claim
or defense arising from his own conduct or agreement.
第309條對於受益人之抗辯
(1) 除一契約係由約定人與受益人作成
外，一約定對一受益人不創設義務；且
如一契約於其作成時係效力未定或不
得執行時，任何受益人之權利效力未定。
(2) 於一契約因無法實行，公共政策，一條
件之不成就，或履行為現在或預期不
能，而全部或一部失其拘束力時，任何
受益人之權利於該限度內消滅或修改之。
(3) 除第(1)項及第(2)項及第311條或契約另
有規定外，任何受益人對約定人之權利
不受約定人對受約定人之主張或抗
辯，或受約定人對受益人之主張或抗辯之拘束。
(4) 一受益人對於約定人之權利受任何自
其自己行為或協定所生之主張或抗辯
之拘束。

§ 310. Remedies Of The Beneficiary Of A Promise To Pay
The Promisee's Debt; Reimbursement Of Promisee
(1) Where an intended beneficiary has an enforceable claim against
the promisee, he can obtain a judgment or judgments against
either the promisee or the promisor or both based on their
respective duties to him. Satisfaction in whole or in part of either
of these duties, or of a judgment thereon, satisfies to that extent
the other duty or judgment, subject to the promisee's right of
subrogation.
(2) To the extent that the claim of an intended beneficiary is satisfied
from assets of the promisee, the promisee has a right of
reimbursement from the promisor, which may be enforced
directly and also, if the beneficiary's claim is fully satisfied, by
subrogation to the claim of the beneficiary against the promisor,
and to any judgment thereon and to any security therefor.
第310條給付受約定人債務約定之受
益人之救濟；受約定人之賠償
(1) 一意定受益人對受益人有一得執行之
主張時，其得於取得一或多判決或基於
受約定人或約定人對其分別所負之義
務對受約定人或約定人之主張權利，前
述義務或判決之全部或一部之滿足，於
受制於受允諾人之代位權情況下，於其
滿足範圍內滿足其他義務或判決。
(2) 一意定受益人之主張自受約定人之財
產滿足之限度內，受益人有向約定人得
直接執行求償權，又如受益人之請求因
受益人對約定人主張之代位及因對任
何判決或擔保之代位者亦同。

§ 311. Variation Of A Duty To A Beneficiary
(1) Discharge or modification of a duty to an intended beneficiary by
conduct of the promisee or by a subsequent agreement between
promisor and promisee is ineffective if a term of the promise
creating the duty so provides.
(2) In the absence of such a term, the promisor and promisee retain
power to discharge or modify the duty by subsequent agreement.
(3) Such a power terminates when the beneficiary, before he
receives notification of the discharge or modification, materially
changes his position in justifiable reliance on the promise or
brings suit on it or manifests assent to it at the request of the
promisor or promisee.
(4) If the promisee receives consideration for an attempted discharge
or modification of the promisor's duty which is ineffective
against the beneficiary, the beneficiary can assert a right to the
consideration so received. The promisor's duty is discharged to
the extent of the amount received by the beneficiary.
第311條對受益人義務之變動
(1) 於創設義務之允諾之一條款有規定
時，依受益人之行為或約定人與受約定
人其後所訂之協定而對意定受益人所
負義務所為之免除或修改，不生效益。
(2) 無前項所述之條款時，約定人及受約定
人得依其後之協定保留消滅或修改義務之權利。
(3) 受益人於改到消滅或修改義務之通知
前，重大改變其正當信賴該約定之地位
或對該約定之起訴或依約定人或受約
定人之請求對該允諾表示同意時，前項
之權利終止。
(4) 受益人受領一意圖為消滅或修改，對受
益人主張為無效之約定人義務而提供
之對價時，該受益人得對其受領之對價
主張權利，約定人之義務於受益人所受
領之範圍內消滅。

§ 312. Mistake As To Duty To Beneficiary
The effect of an erroneous belief of the promisor or promisee as to
the existence or extent of a duty owed to an intended beneficiary is
determined by the rules making contracts voidable for mistake.
第312條對受益人所負義務之錯誤
約定人或受約定人就對一意定受益人所負
義務之存在與範圍之錯誤相信的效果應依
使契約因錯誤而效力未定之規則決定。

§ 313. Government Contracts
(1) The rules stated in this Chapter apply to contracts with a
government or governmental agency except to the extent that
application would contravene the policy of the law authorizing
the contract or prescribing remedies for its breach.
(2) In particular, a promisor who contracts with a government or
governmental agency to do an act for or render a service to the
public is not subject to contractual liability to a member of the
public for consequential damages resulting from performance or
failure to perform unless
(a) the terms of the promise provide for such liability
(b) the promisee is subject to liability to the member of the
public for the damages and a direct action against the
promisor is consistent with the terms of the contract and
with the policy of the law authorizing the contract and
prescribing remedies for its breach.
第313條政府契約
(1) 除其適用與授權該契約之法律或與規
定其違約之救濟方式牴觸外，本章之規
定對與政府或政府機構訂定之契約有
其適用。
(2) 於特別情況下，一與政府或政府機構締
訂契約為公家有所行為或為服務之允
諾人其對公家之一組成分子，除有下列
(a)(b)款情況外，不負由履行或不能履行
所生之間接損害賠償之契約責任。
(a) 允諾之條款有該等責任之規定；或
(b) 受約定人對公家之組成分子負損
害賠償之責任且一對約定人之直
接訴訟符合該契約之條款及授權
該契約之法律及規定其違約之救濟方式。

§ 314. Suretyship Defenses
An intended beneficiary who has an enforceable claim against the
promisee is affected by the incidents of the suretyship of the
promisee from the time he has knowledge of it.
第314條保證抗辯
一得對受約定人主張執行之意定受益人向
其得知該保證時起，因受約定人保證之事實受影響。

§ 315. Effect Of A Promise Of Incidental Benefit
An incidental beneficiary acquires by virtue of the promise no right
against the promisor or the promisee.
第315條偶然利益之允諾之效果
一偶然性受益人不因約定獲得對約定人或
受益人主張之權利。

Chapter 15 Assignment And Delegation
§ 316. Scope Of This Chapter
(1) In this Chapter, references to assignment of a right or delegation
of a duty or condition, to the obligee or obligor of an assigned
right or delegated duty, or to an assignor or assignee, are limited
to rights, duties, and conditions arising under a contract or for
breach of a contract.
(2) The statements in this Chapter are qualified in some respects by
statutory and other rules governing negotiable instruments and
documents, relating to interests in land, and affecting other
classes of contracts.
第十五章權利之讓與與義務之承擔
第316條本章之範圍
(1) 本章中所規定之權利之讓與或債務或
條件之承擔，就讓與權利之債權人或承
擔義務之債務人，或讓與人或受讓人而
言，乃是限於由一契約或一契約違反所
生之權利、義務及條件。
(2) 本章之規定有些方面受關於土地之孳
息及影響其他種類契約之成文法及其
他規範票據流通證券法規之限制。

Topic 1. What Can Be Assigned Or Delegated
§ 317. Assignment Of A Right
(1) An assignment of a right is a manifestation of the assignor's
intention to transfer it by virtue of which the assignor's right to
performance by the obligor is extinguished in whole or in part
and the assignee acquires a right to such performance.
(2) A contractual right can be assigned unless
(a) the substitution of a right of the assignee for the right of the
assignor would materially change the duty of the obligor, or
materially increase the burden or risk imposed on him by
his contract, or materially impair his chance of obtaining
return performance, or materially reduce its value to him
(b) the assignment is forbidden by statute or is otherwise
inoperative on grounds of public policy
(c) assignment is validly precluded by contract.
第一節得被讓與或承擔(移轉)之客體
第317條權利之讓與
(1) 稱一權利之讓與者謂讓與人使其對債
務人有履行之權利全部或一部消滅且
使受讓人取得對該履行權利之移轉意
思之表示。
(2) 除下列情形外，一契約權利得被讓與
(a) 以受讓人之權利替代讓與人之權
利將重大改變債務人義務，或重大
增加債務人因契約所承受之負擔
或危險，或重大損害債務人獲得對
待履行之機會，或重大減低該權利
債務人之價值，或
(b) 該讓與受成文法之禁止或基於公
共政策之理由不生效力，或
(c) 該讓與有效地被契約禁止。

§ 318. Delegation Of Performance Of Duty
(1) An obligor can properly delegate the performance of his duty to
another unless the delegation is contrary to public policy or the
terms of his promise.
(2) Unless otherwise agreed, a promise requires performance by a
particular person only to the extent that the obligee has a
substantial interest in having that person perform or control the
acts promised.
(3) Unless the obligee agrees otherwise, neither delegation of
performance nor a contract to assume the duty made with the
obligor by the person delegated discharges any duty or liability
of the delegating obligor.
第318條義務履行之承擔(移轉)
(1) 除移轉與公共政策或與其約定之條款
牴觸外，一債務人得適當地移轉其義務
之履行責任與他人。
(2) 除另有約定外，僅於債務人對由特定人
履行或控制約定存有一實質利益限度
內，一約定始須由一特定人履行。
(3) 除債務人另有規定外，由受移轉人所為
之履行的移轉或與債務人訂定承擔義
務之契約皆不消滅承擔義務之債務人
之任何義務或責任。

§ 319. Delegation Of Performance Of Condition
(1) Where a performance by a person is made a condition of a duty,
performance by a person delegated by his satisfies that
requirement unless the delegation is contrary to public policy or
the terms of the agreement.
(2) Unless otherwise agreed, an agreement requires performance of a
condition by a particular person only to the extent that the
obligor has a substantial interest in having that person perform or
control the acts required.
第319條條件之履行的授權
(1) 除授權與公共政策或與協定之條款抵
觸外，於由一人所為之履行作為一義務
之條件時，由該人所授權之人所為之履
行滿足該規定。
(2) 除另有約定外，僅於債務人對由該特定
人履行或由控制規定之行為有一實質
利益之限度內，一協定始得規定一條件
之履行須由一特定人為之。

§ 320. Assignment Of Conditional Rights
The fact that a right is created by an option contract or is conditional
on the performance of a return promise or is otherwise conditional
does not prevent its assignment before the condition occurs.
第320條附條件權利之讓與
一權利係由一選擇性契約所創設或係以一
對待約定之履行為條件或附加其他條件之
事實，並不阻止於該條件成就前對該權利
所為之讓與。

§ 321. Assignment Of Future Rights
(1) Except as otherwise provided by statute, an assignment of a right
to payment expected to arise out of an existing employment or
other continuing business relationship is effective in the same
way as an assignment of an existing right.
(2) Except as otherwise provided by statute and as stated in
Subsection (1), a purported assignment of a right expected to
arise under a contract not in existence operates only as a promise
to assign the right when it arises and as a power to enforce it.
第321條未來權利之讓與
(1) 除制定法另有規定外，對由一既存僱佣
或其他繼續性商業關係所生期待給付
之權利所為之讓與，與就一既存權利所
為之讓與具同樣效力。
(2) 除制定法及第(1)項另有規定外，就一期
待由一現不存在契約所生權利所為之
預定讓與，僅生與權利發生時一讓與該
權利之約定及一執行該不利之權力相
同之效力。

§ 322. Contractual Prohibition Of Assignment
(1) Unless the circumstances indicate the contrary, a contract term
prohibiting assignment of “the contract” bars only the delegation
to an assignee of the performance by the assignor of a duty or
condition.
(2) A contract term prohibiting assignment of rights under the
contract, unless a different intention is manifested
(a) does not forbid assignment of a right to damages for breach of
the whole contract or a right arising out of the assignor's due
performance of his entire obligation
(b) gives the obligor a right to damages for breach of the terms
forbidding assignment but does not render the assignment
ineffective
(c) is for the benefit of the obligor, and does not prevent the
assignee from acquiring rights against the assignor or the
obligor from discharging his duty as if there were no such
prohibition.
第322條以契約所為讓與之禁止
(1) 除情勢有相反之指示外，一禁止”該契
約”讓與之契約條款僅禁止一義務或一
條件之讓與人之對一履行之受讓人所
為之授權。
(2) 除有相反意思表示外，一禁止就契約上
權利及讓與之契約條款。
(a) 不禁止就因對違反全部契約所生
損害賠償之權利所為之讓與，或一
由讓與人該當履行其全部債務所
生之權利。
(b) 賦予債務人一對違反禁止讓與但
不使該讓與不生效力之條款之損
害賠償之權利。
(c) 為債務人之利益，且不阻止受讓人
取得對抗讓與人之權利，或不阻止
債務人如同無此種禁止般地消滅
其義務。

§ 323. Obligor's Assent To Assignment Or Delegation
(1) A term of a contract manifesting an obligor's assent to the future
assignment of a right or an obligee's assent to the future
delegation of the performance of a duty or condition is effective
despite any subsequent objection.
(2) A manifestation of such assent after the formation of a contract is
similarly effective if made for consideration or in circumstances
in which a promise would be binding without consideration, or if
a material change of position takes place in reliance on the
manifestation.
第323條債務人對讓與或承擔所為之同意
(1) 雖有任何嗣後之反對，一表示債務人對
一權利將來之讓與同意或表示債務人
對一義務或條件之履行未來承擔所為
之同意的契約條款，仍為有效。
(2) 如其作為約因或在一約定無約因有拘
束力或因信賴該表示已生一地位之重
大改變時，一於契約作成後須前項規定
之同意的表示，該同意有效。

Topic 2. Mode Of Assignment Or Delegation
§ 324. Mode Of Assignment In General
It is essential to an assignment of a right that the obligee manifest an
intention to transfer the right to another person without further action
or manifestation of intention by the obligee. The manifestation may
be made to the other or to a third person on his behalf and, except as
provided by statute or by contract, may be made either orally or by a
writing.
第二節讓與或代理人之模式
324條讓與模式之通則
對一權利之讓與而言，債權人之表示欲讓
與該權利予他人之意思而不再由其為行為
或為意圖表示，乃屬必要，除制定法或契
約另有規定外，該表示得為該債權之利益
向當事人他方或第三人為之且得以口頭或
當面作成。

§ 325. Order As Assignment
(1) A written order drawn upon an obligor and signed and delivered
to another person by the obligee is an assignment if it is
conditional on the existence of a duty of the drawee to the drawer
to comply with the order and the drawer manifests an intention
that a person other than the drawer is to retain the performance.
(2) An order which directs the drawee to render a performance
without reference to any duty of the drawee is not of itself an
assignment, even though the drawee is under a duty to the drawer
to comply with the order and even though the order indicates a
particular account to be debited or any other fund or source from
which reimbursement is expected.
第325條視同轉讓之指示
(1) 一對義務人所發，而由權利人所簽並交
付於第三人之書面指示，若以被指示人
對於指示人負有一須遵守指示之義務
之存在為條件，且指示人亦表明一非為
指示人之第三人得繼續其履行之意
思，則該指示為一轉讓。
(2) 縱使被指示人對於指示人負有一遵守
指示之義務，且縱其指示亦顯示出存有
一可預期其為償還之帳戶或任何其他
資金或來源，一命令被指示人提出與其
任一義務無關之履行之指示，其本身並
非是一轉讓。

§ 326. Partial Assignment
(1) Except as stated in Subsection (2), an assignment of a part of a
right, whether the part is specified as a fraction, as an amount, or
otherwise, is operative as to that part to the same extent and in
the same manner as if the part had been a separate right.
(2) If the obligor has not contracted to perform separately the
assigned part of a right, no legal proceeding can be maintained
by the assignor or assignee against the obligor over his objection,
unless all the persons entitled to the promised performance are
joined in the proceeding, or unless joinder is not feasible and it is
equitable to proceed without joinder.
第326條一部讓與
(1) 除第(2)項另有規定外，無論該一部分係
以分夥或數量或其他方式加以特定，一
就權利就一部所有之讓與其效力與該
部分係一獨立權利時之相同程度相同方式。
(2) 除有權對約定廢行主張全部之人皆合
併加該法律程序或除於合併不可行而
不為合併參加進行程序，係公平外，如
債務人尚未就一權利之讓與部分分別
履行締約時，讓與人或受讓人不得不顧
債務人之反對而對債務人進行法律程
序。

§ 327. Acceptance Or Disclaimer By The Assignee
(1) A manifestation of assent by an assignee to the assignment is
essential to make it effective unless
(a) a third person gives consideration for the assignment, or
(b) the assignment is irrevocable by virtue of the delivery of a
writing to a third person.
(2) An assignee who has not manifested assent to an assignment
may, within a reasonable time after learning of its existence and
terms, render it inoperative from the beginning by disclaimer.
第327條受讓人所為之承諾或拒絕
(1) 除有下列情形之一外，受讓人對讓與所
為同意之表示，乃使該讓與生效之必須者。
(a) 第三人對該讓與給予約因，或
(b) 該讓與因對一第三人為書面之交
付而不可撤回。
(2) 一未就讓與表示同意之受讓人，得於知
悉該讓與之存在及條款後之一合理期
間內，此拒絕使該讓與自始不生效力。

§ 328. Interpretation Of Words Of Assignment; Effect Of
Acceptance Of Assignment
(1) Unless the language or the circumstances indicate the contrary,
as in an assignment for security, an assignment of “the contract”
or of “all my rights under the contract” or an assignment in
similar general terms is an assignment of the assignor's rights and
a delegation of his unperformed duties under the contract.
(2) Unless the language or the circumstances indicate the contrary,
the acceptance by an assignee of such an assignment operates as
a promise to the assignor to perform the assignor's unperformed
duties, and the obligor of the assigned rights is an intended
beneficiary of the promise.
Caveat: The Institute expresses no opinion as to whether the rule
stated in Subsection (2) applies to an assignment by a purchaser
of his rights under a contract for the sale of land.
第328條讓與用語之解釋；讓與承諾的效果
(1) 除用語或情勢有相反之表示外，如同一
存擔保所為之讓與，一本契約或依本契
約一切之權利所為之讓與、或一以類似
廣泛條款所為之讓與，構成一讓與人權
利之讓與及就讓與人之契約未履行義
務而為之授權。
(2) 除用語或情勢另有指出外，由受讓人就
前項讓與所為之承諾作用如同一對讓
與人而為履行讓與人未履行義務之約
定，且該讓與權利之債務人係該約定之
預定受益人。
(學會意見：本學會就第(2)項所規定之原
則是否適用於一依土地買賣契約買受自
己權利之人所為之讓與，不表示意見。)

§ 329. Repudiation By Assignor And Novation With Assignee
(1) The legal effect of a repudiation by an assignor of his duty to the
obligor of the assigned right is not limited by the fact that the
assignee is a competent person and has promised to perform the
duty.
(2) If the obligor, with knowledge of such a repudiation, accepts any
performance from the assignee without reserving his rights
against the assignor, a novation arises by which the duty of the
assignor is discharged and a similar duty of the assignee is
substituted.
第329條讓與人所為之解除及受讓人
訂定之債務更新
(1) 讓與人就其對讓與權利債務人所負義
務所為解除之法律效果，不因受讓人一
適格之人且曾約定履行該義務之事實
而受限制。
(2) 債務人，對該一解除知情，而不保留其
對讓與人之權利而接受任何受讓人所
為之履行時，構成一使讓與人義務消滅
而受讓人一類似義務被替代效果之債
務更新。

§ 330. Contracts To Assign In The Future, Or To Transfer
Proceeds To Be Received
(1) A contract to make a future assignment of a right, or to transfer
proceeds to be received in the future by the promisor, is not an
assignment.
(2) Except as provided by statute, the effect of such a contract on the
rights and duties of the obligor and third persons is determined
by the rules relating to specific performance of contracts.
第330條就未來讓與或移轉未來收受
之所得之契約
(1) 約定人就一權利所為之未來讓與或
移轉未來收受之所得之契約不構成讓與。
(2) 除制定法另有規定外，前項所規定之契
約對債務人之權利與義務及第三人之
效果，由關於契約強制執行之原則決定。

Topic 3. Effect Between Assignor And Assignee
§ 331. Partially Effective Assignments
An assignment may be conditional, revocable, or voidable by the
assignor, or unenforceable by virtue of a Statute of Frauds.
第三節讓與人與受讓人間之效果
第331條一部生效之讓與
一讓與得由讓與人附加條件，撤回或撤
銷，或因防止詐欺條例之適用而不能執行。

§ 332. Revocability Of Gratuitous Assignments
(1) Unless a contrary intention is manifested, a gratuitous
assignment is irrevocable if
(a) the assignment is in a writing either signed or under seal
that is delivered by the assignor
(b) the assignment is accompanied by delivery of a writing of a
type customarily accepted as a symbol or as evidence of the
right assigned.
(2) Except as stated in this Section, a gratuitous assignment is
revocable and the right of the assignee is terminated by the
assignor's death or incapacity, by a subsequent assignment by the
assignor, or by notification from the assignor received by the
assignee or by the obligor.
(3) A gratuitous assignment ceases to be revocable to the extent that
before the assignee's right is terminated he obtains
(a) payment or satisfaction of the obligation
(b) judgment against the obligor
(c) a new contract of the obligor by novation.
(4) A gratuitous assignment is irrevocable to the extent necessary to
avoid injustice where the assignor should reasonably expect the
assignment to induce action or forbearance by the assignee or a
subassignee and the assignment does induce such action or
forbearance.
(5) An assignment is gratuitous unless it is given or taken
(a) in exchange for a performance or return promise that would
be consideration for a promise
(b) as security for or in total or partial satisfaction of a
pre-existing debt or other obligation.
第332條無償讓與之撤回性
(1) 除有相反意思之表示外於下列情形之
一時，無償讓與不得撤回。
(a) 該讓與係以一由讓與人交付之經
簽名或蓋章之書面作成；或
(b) 該讓與附以一習慣上一般接受為
被讓與權利象徵或證據類型之書
面的交付。
(2) 除本條另有規定外，一無償讓與得為撤
銷且受讓人之權利因讓與人之死亡或
無行為能力。讓與人所為之移轉讓與、
讓與人所為而經受讓人或債務人收受
之通知，而終止。
(3) 於受讓人之權利終止前該受讓人獲得
下列之一之限度內，一無償讓與不再得
為撤銷。
(a) 對債務之給付或滿足，或
(b) 對債務人之判決，或
(c) 因債之更新而由債務人所為之一
新契約。
(4) 於讓與人合理預期其之讓與應會誘引
該等行為或不行為時，一無償讓與於避
免不公平所需之限度內不得撤銷。
(5) 除其係於下列情形給予或將行者外，一
讓與係無償
(a) 用來交換一將作為一約定約因之
履行或對待約定，或
(b) 作為一前為債務或其他債務之擔
保或全部或一部之滿足。

§ 333. Warranties Of An Assignor
(1) Unless a contrary intention is manifested, one who assigns or
purports to assign a right by assignment under seal or for value
warrants to the assignee
(a) that he will do nothing to defeat or impair the value of the
assignment and has no knowledge of any fact which would
do so
(b) that the right, as assigned, actually exists and is subject to
no limitations or defenses good against the assignor other
than those stated or apparent at the time of the assignment
(c) that any writing evidencing the right which is delivered to
the assignee or exhibited to him to induce him to accept the
assignment is genuine and what it purports to be.
(2) An assignment does not of itself operate as a warranty that the
obligor is solvent or that he will perform his obligation.
(3) An assignor is bound by affirmations and promises to the
assignee with reference to the right assigned in the same way and
to the same extent that one who transfers goods is bound in like
circumstances.
(4) An assignment of a right to a sub-assignee does not operate as an
assignment of the assignee's rights under his assignor's
warranties unless an intention is manifested to assign the rights
under the warranties.
第333條一讓與人之擔保
(1) 除有相反之意思表示外，一以蓋印或有
對價之讓與契約轉讓或意圖轉讓一權
利之人，對受讓人應為下列擔保。
(a) 其不為任何減少或損害讓與價值之
行為，且對任何生前效果之事實並不
知情。
(b) 該轉讓之權利實際存在且除於讓與
時已陳明或明顯者外，該權利不受制
於任何得對讓與人為有利主張之限
制或抗辯。
(c) 任何交付受讓人或出示於具以誘引
其承諾該讓與之證明權利之書面背
書皆係真實且符合目的。
(2) 一讓與契約之本身並不生一債務人有
反對能力或債務人將履行其義務擔保
之效力。
(3) 一讓與人受就讓與之權利對受讓人所
為之確認及約定之拘束，其方式及限度
與在相同情勢下移轉商品之人所受之
拘束相同。
(4) 除有表示移轉經擔保之權利之一意思
外，一對以受讓人所為權利之讓與不生
就讓與人擔保之受讓人權利為讓與之
效力。

Topic 4. Effect On The Obligor's Duty
§ 334. Variation Of Obligor's Duty By Assignment
(1) If the obligor's duty is conditional on the personal cooperation of
the original obligee or another person, an assignee's right is
subject to the same condition.
(2) If the obligor's duty is conditional on cooperation which the
obligee could properly delegate to an agent, the condition may
occur if there is similar cooperation by an assignee.
第四節對債務人義務之影響
第334條債務人之義務因讓與之變動
(1) 如債務人之義務以原債權人或他人個
人合作為條件時；受讓人之權利受相同
條件之拘束。
(2) 債務人之義務以債務人得適當授權代
理人之履行之合作為條件時，如受讓人
履行為該相似之合作時，該條件得認係
成就。

§ 335. Assignment By A Joint Obligee
A joint obligee may effectively assign his right, but the assignee can
enforce it only in the same manner and to the same extent as the
assignor could have enforced it.
第335條共同債權人所為之讓與
共同債權人中之一人得有效地讓與其權
利，但受讓人僅能依讓與人得實行讓權利
之相同方式及相同限度範圍內實行該權利。

§ 336. Defenses Against An Assignee
(1) By an assignment the assignee acquires a right against the
obligor only to the extent that the obligor is under a duty to the
assignor; and if the right of the assignor would be voidable by
the obligor or unenforceable against him if no assignment had
been made, the right of the assignee is subject to the infirmity.
(2) The right of an assignee is subject to any defense or claim of the
obligor which accrues before the obligor receives notification of
the assignment, but not to defenses or claims which accrue
thereafter except as stated in this Section or as provided by
statute.
(3) Where the right of an assignor is subject to discharge or
modification in whole or in party by impracticability, public
policy, non-occurrence of a condition, or present or prospective
failure of performance by an obligee, the right of the assignee is
to that extent subject to discharge or modification even after the
obligor receives notification of the assignment.
(4) An assignee's right against the obligor is subject to any defense
or claim arising from his conduct or to which he was subject as a
party or a prior assignee because he had notice.
第336條對受讓主張之抗辯
(1) 僅於債務人對讓與人負有一義務之限
度內，受讓人因一讓與取得一對債務人
主張之權利，又如未作成讓與情形讓與
人之權利得債務人撤銷或對其係無執
行權力時，受讓人之權利效力未定。
(2) 受讓人之權利受制於任何於債務人受
讓人之通知前所生之債務人的抗辯或
爭訟，但除本條或制定法另有規定外，
不受制於該項讓與通知後所生之抗辯
或爭訟。
(3) 一讓與人之權利因不可實行性、公共政
策、一條件之不成就或債務人現實或期
前不履行一部或全部消滅或變更時，雖
在債務人收到移轉之通知後受讓人之
權利於該限度內為消滅或修正。
(4) 一受讓人對債務人之權利受制於任何
由其行為所生之抗辯或爭訟，或受制於
因其知悉而為一當事人或一前受讓人
與身分所承受者。

§ 337. Elimination Of Defenses By Subsequent Events
Where the right of an assignor is limited or voidable or
unenforceable or subject to discharge or modification, subsequent
events which would eliminate the limitation or defense have the
same effect on the right of the assignee.
第337條抗辯因後事件而除去
於一讓與人之權利得受限制或效力未定得
撤銷或不得執行或得消滅或更改時，除去
限制或抗辯之後事件對於受讓人之權利有
相同之效果。

§ 338. Discharge Of An Obligor After Assignment
(1) Except as stated in this Section, notwithstanding an assignment,
the assignor retains his power to discharge or modify the duty of
the obligor to the extent that the obligor performs or otherwise
gives value until but not after the obligor receives notification
that the right has been assigned and that performance is to be
rendered to the assignee.
(2) So far as an assigned right is conditional on the performance of a
return promise, and notwithstanding notification of the
assignment, any modification of or substitution for the contract
made by the assignor and obligor in good faith and in accordance
with reasonable commercial standards is effective against the
assignee. The assignee acquires corresponding rights under the
modified or substituted contract.
(3) Notwithstanding a defect in the right of an assignee, he has the
same power his assignor had to discharge or modify the duty of
the obligor to the extent that the obligor gives value or otherwise
changes his position in good faith and without knowledge or
reason to know of the defect.
(4) Where there is a writing of a type customarily accepted as a
symbol or as evidence of the right assigned, a discharge or
modification is not effective
(a) against the owner or an assignor having a power of
avoidance, unless given by him or by a person in possession
of the writing with his consent and any necessary
indorsement or assignment
(b) against a subsequent assignee who takes possession of the
writing and gives value in good faith and without
knowledge or reason to know of the discharge or
modification.
第338條移轉後債務人債務消滅
(1) 除本條另有規定外，雖有一移轉，讓與
人於債務人收到權利已為讓與之通知
且履行向受讓人提出之前在債務人履
行或給付對價之限度內，讓與人得留其
消滅或變更債務人債務之權利。
(2) 讓與權利以一對待約定之履行為條件
時，雖有讓與之通知，由讓與人及債務
人基於善意，且依合理商業標準就契約
所為之任何變更或替代得對抗受讓
人，受讓人依變更或替代後之契約取得
對待權利。
(3) 雖一受讓人之權利有瑕疵，於債務人給
付對價或變更其善意且不知或無從知
該瑕疵之限度內，該受讓人對消滅或變
更債務人之義務有與其讓與人相同之
權利。
(4) 在有一其型式習慣上被接受為讓與權
利之象徵或證據之書面時。
(a) 除有所有人或一讓與人或一後其
同意占有該書面之人所給予且有
任何必要之背書或讓與外，一對有
撤銷權之所有人或讓與人交讓之
消滅或變更不生效力。
(b) 一對一占有該書面且基於善意給付對價
且不知或無理由得知該消滅或變更事由之人
主張之消滅或變更不生效力。

§ 339. Protection Of Obligor In Cases Of Adverse Claims
Where a claim adverse to that of an assignee subjects the obligor to a
substantial risk beyond that imposed on him by his contract, the
obligor will be granted such relief as is equitable in the
circumstances.
第339條有反對請求主張時債務人之保護
於反對受讓人之主張使債務人負擔
實質危險而超過其依契約所負擔者時，得
予債務人依情勢為衡平之救濟。

Topic 5. Priorities Between Assignee And Adverse Claimants
§ 340. Effect Of Assignment On Priority And Security
(1) An assignee is entitled to priority of payment from the obligor's
insolvent estate to the extent that the assignor would have been
so entitled in the absence of assignment.
(2) Where an assignor holds collateral as security for the assigned
right and does not effectively transfer the collateral to the
assignee, the assignor is a constructive trustee of the collateral
for the assignee in accordance with the rules stated for pledges in
§§ 29-34 of the Restatement of Security.
第五節受讓人與對應主張權利人之優先次序
第340條債權讓與對優先次序及擔保之影響
(1) 一受讓人於讓與人如無讓與亦得以有
權主張之範圍限度內，有權就債務人支
付不能之財產主張優先給付。
(2) 一讓與人持有作為讓與權利擔保之擔
保品，且未有效移轉將該擔保品予受讓
人時，讓與人依本整編擔保交易法第29
條至第34條關於擔保之規定，係為受讓
人而為該擔保之推定信託人。

§ 341. Creditors Of An Assignor
(1) Except as provided by statute, the right of an assignee is superior
to a judicial lien subsequently obtained against the property of
the assignor, unless the assignment is ineffective or revocable or
is voidable by the assignor or by the person obtaining the lien or
is in fraud of creditors.
(2) Notwithstanding the superiority of the right of an assignee, an
obligor who does not receive notification of the assignment until
after he has lost his opportunity to assert the assignment as a
defense in the proceeding in which the judicial lien was obtained
is discharged from his duty to the assignee to the extent of his
satisfaction of the lien.
第341條讓與人之債權人
(1) 除該轉讓係無效或得撤回或係得由讓
與人或取得質權之人或債權人為詐欺
之人撤銷者，且成文法另有規定外，一
受讓人之權利優先於後取得之讓與人
財產上之司法質權。
(2) 雖存有受讓人權利之優先性，一於取得
司法質權之程序中失去主張讓與以抗
辯之機會後方收到該讓與通知之債務
人於其就該質權獲得滿足之限度內，其
對受讓人之義務消滅。

§ 342. Successive Assignees From The Same Assignor
Except as otherwise provided by statute, the right of an assignee is
superior to that of a subsequent assignee of the same right from the
same assignor, unless
(a) the first assignment is ineffective or revocable or is voidable
by the assignor or by the subsequent assignee
(b) the subsequent assignee in good faith and without knowledge
or reason to know of the prior assignment gives value and
obtains
(i) payment or satisfaction of the obligation
(ii) judgment against the obligor
(iii) a new contract with the obligor by novation
(iv) possession of a writing of a type customarily accepted as a
symbol or as evidence of the right assigned.
第342條同一讓與人之連續受讓人
除有下列情形，及成文法另有規定外，一
受讓人之權利優先於同一讓與人就同一權
利為轉讓之後受讓人。
(a) 首次之讓與係無效或得撤回或得由讓
與人或後受讓人撤銷；或。
(b) 後受讓人基於善意不知或無理由得知
前讓與已給付對價及取得。
(i)債之給付或滿足。
(ii)對債務人之判決。
(iii)以債之更新與債務人訂定之新契約。
(iv)一習慣上接受為讓與權利之表記
或證據型式之一書面占有。

§ 343. Latent Equities
If an assignor's right against the obligor is held in trust or
constructive trust for or subject to a right of avoidance or equitable
lien of another than the obligor, an assignee does not so hold it if he
gives value and becomes an assignee in good faith and without
notice of the right of the other.
第343條隱藏之衡平權利
若讓與人對於義務人之權利處於信託或擬
制信託中，或受限於義務人以外之他人之
撤銷權或衡平留置權，如果受讓人支付對
價而成為一不知有他人權利之善意受讓
人，則該受讓人不能持有之。

Chapter 16 Remedies
Topic 1. In General
§ 344. Purposes Of Remedies
Judicial remedies under the rules stated in this Restatement serve to
protect one or more of the following interests of a promisee:
(a) his “expectation interest,” which is his interest in having the
benefit of his bargain by being put in as good a position as he
would have been in had the contract been performed
(b) his “reliance interest,” which is his interest in being
reimbursed for loss caused by reliance on the contract by
being put in as good a position as he would have been in had
the contract not been made
(c) his “restitution interest,” which is his interest in having
restored to him any benefit that he has conferred on the other party.
弟十六章違約之救濟
第一節通則
第344條違約救濟之目的
依本整編所訂規定之司法救濟用以保護下
列一或多項之受益人之利益。
(a) 受益人其之「期待利益」，即使該受
益人基於如該契約被履行時其將享
有他地位之因交易所得而有之利益。
(b) 受益人之「信賴利益」，即使該受益
人基於如該契約未履行時其將享有
地位之因信賴契約而得就其損害求
償之利益。
(c) 受益人之「回復原狀利益」，即受益
人所有回復其所予他方當事人任何
利益之利益。

§ 345. Judicial Remedies Available
The judicial remedies available for the protection of the interests
stated in § 344 include a judgment or order
(a) awarding a sum of money due under the contract or as
damages
(b) requiring specific performance of a contract or enjoining its
non-performance
(c) requiring restoration of a specific thing to prevent unjust
enrichment
(d) awarding a sum of money to prevent unjust enrichment,
(e) declaring the rights of the parties
(f) enforcing an arbitration award.
第345條得主張之司法救濟
得用以保護第344條所定之利益之司法救
濟包括下列判決或命令
(a) 其係於契約到期時給付一定數目之
金錢或損害賠償者
(b) 其係對一契約強制執行之請求或禁
止契約之不履行者
(c) 其係為防止不當得利而請求回復特
定之物者
(d) 其係為防止不當得利而給付一定數
目之金額者
(e) 其係宣示當事人之權利者，及
(f) 其係執行一仲裁判斷者。

Topic 2. Enforcement By Award Of Damages
§ 346. Availability Of Damages
(1) The injured party has a right to damages for any breach by a
party against whom the contract is enforceable unless the claim
for damages has been suspended or discharged.
(2) If the breach caused no loss or if the amount of the loss is not
proved under the rules stated in this Chapter, a small sum fixed
without regard to the amount of loss will be awarded as nominal
damages.
第二節藉給付賠償而執行
第346條得主張之損害賠償
(1) 除損害賠償之主張權利已暫止或消滅
外，受損害人之當事人有權主張因契約
應對其執行之當事人之任何違約所生
之損害賠償。
(2) 於違約不生任何損害或損害額依本章
所訂之規定未被證明時，一與損害額無
關之固定小額賠償應作為名義上損害
賠償給付之。

§ 347. Measure Of Damages In General
Subject to the limitations stated in §§ 350-53, the injured party has a
right to damages based on his expectation interest as measured by
(a) the loss in the value to him of the other party's performance
caused by its failure or deficiency, plus
(b) any other loss, including incidental or consequential loss,
caused by the breach, less
(c) any cost or other loss that he has avoided by not having to
perform.
第347條損害賠償額衡量之通則
除適用第350條至第353條所規定之限制外
一受損害之當事人有權主張基於其期待利
益而依下列衡量之損害賠償。
(a) 因他方當事人履行不能或瑕疵而對
其所生損失之價值，加上
(b) 包括偶發或因損失在內之任何因違
約所生之其他損失，減去
(c) 其因不須履行所免除之任何成本或
其他損失。

§ 348. Alternatives To Loss In Value Of Performance
(1) If a breach delays the use of property and the loss in value to the
injured party is not proved with reasonable certainty, he may
recover damages based on the rental value of the property or on
interest on the value of the property.
(2) If a breach results in defective or unfinished construction and the
loss in value to the injured party is not proved with sufficient
certainty, he may recover damages based on.
(a) the diminution in the market price of the property caused by
the breach
(b) the reasonable cost of completing performance or of
remedying the defects if that cost is not clearly
disproportionate to the probable loss in value to him.
(3) If a breach is of a promise conditioned on a fortuitous event and
it is uncertain whether the event would have occurred had there
been no breach, the injured party may recover damages based on
the value of the conditional right at the time of breach.
第348條履行價值損失之替代
(1) 違約使財產之使用遲延且對受損害當
事人之價值損失未以合理之確定加以
證明時，該當事人得根據該財產之租賃
價值或該財產價值之利息請求損害賠償。
(2) 一違約造成瑕疵或未完成之建築物且
對受損害當事人價值之損失未以合理
之確定加以證明時，該當事人得根據下
列二款請求賠償：
(a) 該財產因違約所致其市場價值之
減少一成，或
(b) 完成履行之救濟該瑕疵所為之合
理成本，與該財產對該當事人價值
之可能損失並未明顯地不成比例。
(3) 如違約係對一以偶發性事件為條件之
約定違約，且無違約該事件是否發生不
確定時，受損害之當事人得根據違約時
該附條件權利之價值之請求損害賠償。

§ 349. Damages Based On Reliance Interest
As an alternative to the measure of damages stated in § 347, the
injured party has a right to damages based on his reliance interest,
including expenditures made in preparation for performance or in
performance, less any loss that the party in breach can prove with
reasonable certainty the injured party would have suffered had the
contract been performed.
第379條基於信賴利益所生之損害賠償
作為第347條所規定損害賠償衡量之另一
方法，受損害之當事人有權主張包括預備
履行或履行時所生之費用減去任何違約當
事人能以合理之確定性證明受損害之當事
人將於契約履行時，受到之損害在內之基
於其信賴利益所生之損害賠償。

§ 350. Avoidability As A Limitation On Damages
(1) Except as stated in Subsection (2), damages are not recoverable
for loss that the injured party could have avoided without undue
risk, burden or humiliation.
(2) The injured party is not precluded from recovery by the rule
stated in Subsection (1) to the extent that he has made reasonable
but unsuccessful efforts to avoid loss.
第350條限制損害賠償之得避免性
(1) 除本條第(2)項另有規定外，受損害當事
人就於不承受不當危險，負擔或屈辱情
形下得避免之損失不得請求賠償。
(2) 受損害當事人已為合理避免損失之努
力然未成功時，對其不適用第(1)項的規
定之排除損害賠償之規定。

§ 351. Unforeseeability And Related Limitations On
Damages
(1) Damages are not recoverable for loss that the party in breach did
not have reason to foresee as a probable result of the breach
when the contract was made.
(2) Loss may be foreseeable as a probable result of a breach because
it follows from the breach
(a) in the ordinary course of events
(b) as a result of special circumstances, beyond the ordinary
course of events, that the party in breach had reason to
know.
(3) A court may limit damages for foreseeable loss by excluding
recovery for loss of profits, by allowing recovery only for loss
incurred in reliance, or otherwise if it concludes that in the
circumstances justice so requires in order to avoid
disproportionate compensation.
第351條不可預見性及其他相關對損
害賠償之限制
(1) 違約當事人於契約作成時如無理由預
見一損失係違約可能之結果時，對該損
失不得主張損害賠償。
(2) 由下列違約情形目的所生之損失，視其
為可預見違約之結果。
(a) 於事件通常過程中，或
(b) 逾越違約當事人有理由得知之通
常事件程序之特別情況所生之結果。
(3) 一法院得藉排除利潤損失之賠償主
張，僅准許因信賴所生之賠償主張，或
於其認為依情形應避免損害賠償額之
不成比例始符正義要求時，限制可預見
損失之損害賠償額。

§ 352. Uncertainty As A Limitation On Damages
Damages are not recoverable for loss beyond an amount that the
evidence permits to be established with reasonable certainty.
第352條限制損害賠償額之不確定性
對於逾越依證據有合理確定性時始得要求
賠償數額之損害賠償，不得主張賠償。

§ 353. Loss Due To Emotional Disturbance
Recovery for emotional disturbance will be excluded unless the
breach also caused bodily harm or the contract or the breach is of
such a kind that serious emotional disturbance was a particularly
likely result.
第353條因情緒障礙所生之損害
除違約同時造成身體上之傷害或契約或違
約乃屬於嚴重之情緒障礙係其特別可能發
生之結果之類型者之外，就情緒障礙主張
之損害賠償，應予排除。
§ 354. Interest As Damages
(1) If the breach consists of a failure to pay a definite sum in money
or to render a performance with fixed or ascertainable monetary
value, interest is recoverable from the time for performance on
the amount due less all deductions to which the party in breach is
entitled.
(2) In any other case, such interest may be allowed as justice
requires on the amount that would have been just compensation
had it been paid when performance was due.
第354條利息之損害賠償
(1) 一違約係因未支付一定金額之金錢或
未履行一為固定或可得確定金錢價值
之履行時，得主張自履行時起就到期金
融減去一切違約當事人得主張之扣除
額之金額所生之利息。
(2) 在其他情形於符合正義之要求時，得就
如其於履行期屆至時為給付則適為賠
償之金額為前項利息之主張。

§ 355. Punitive Damages
Punitive damages are not recoverable for a breach of contract unless
the conduct constituting the breach is also a tort for which punitive
damages are recoverable.
第355條懲罰性損害賠償
除構成違約之行為同時係得主張懲罰性損
害賠償之侵權行為之外，對於契約之違約
不得主張懲罰性損害賠償。

§ 356. Liquidated Damages And Penalties
(1) Damages for breach by either party may be liquidated in the
agreement but only at an amount that is reasonable in the light of
the anticipated or actual loss caused by the breach and the
difficulties of proof of loss. A term fixing unreasonably large
liquidated damages is unenforceable on grounds of public policy
as a penalty.
(2) A term in a bond providing for an amount of money as a penalty
for non-occurrence of the condition of the bond is unenforceable
on grounds of public policy to the extent that the amount exceeds
the loss caused by such non-occurrence.
第356條預定之損害賠償與違約金
(1) 任一當事人違約之損害賠償得於協定
中預定，但此種預定僅得對於基於因違
約所生之預見損失或真實損失之金額
且損失之證明困難時，方得為之。基於
公共政策之理由，一固定不合理之高額
預定損害賠償作為違約金之條款，無執
行之效力。
(2) 如其數額超過因條件不發生所致之損
失時，基於公共政策之理由，一規定一
定額之為該保證所附條件不發生時之
違約金的保證條款，無執行之效力。

Topic 3. Enforcement By Specific Performance And
Injunction
§ 357. Availability Of Specific Performance And
Injunction
(1) Subject to the rules stated in §§ 359-69, specific performance of
a contract duty will be granted in the discretion of the court
against a party who has committed or is threatening to commit a
breach of the duty.
(2) Subject to the rules stated in §§ 359-69, an injunction against
breach of a contract duty will be granted in the discretion of the
court against a party who has committed or is threatening to
commit a breach of the duty if
(a) the duty is one of forbearance
(b) the duty is one to act and specific performance would be
denied only for reasons that are inapplicable to an
injunction.
第三節強制執行與禁止命令之執行
第357條可獲得強制執行與禁制命令
之條件
(1) 除依第359條至第369條之規定外，針對
一契約義務之強制執行得依法院裁量
之准許對一違反或威脅欲違反該義務
之當事人為之。
(2) 除依第359條至第369條之規定外，一針
對契約義務違反之禁止命令得依法律
裁量之准許對一違反或威脅欲違反該
義務之當事人為之。如
(a) 該義務係忍受之義務，或
(b) 該義務係有一定行為之義務，且強
制執行僅因其不適用一禁止命令
之理由將被拒絕時。

§ 358. Form Of Order And Other Relief
(1) An order of specific performance or an injunction will be so
drawn as best to effectuate the purposes for which the contract
was made and on such terms as justice requires. It need not be
absolute in form and the performance that it requires need not be
identical with that due under the contract.
(2) If specific performance or an injunction is denied as to part of the
performance that is due, it may nevertheless be granted as to the
remainder.
(3) In addition to specific performance or an injunction, damages
and other relief may be awarded in the same proceeding and an
indemnity against future harm may be required.
第358條命令或其他救濟措施之格式
(1) 一強制執行或禁止之命令得以最佳實
現契約締訂目的，及符合正義要求之條
款之方式作成之。且該命令在格式上不
需侷限於絕對，其所要求的履行也不需
與契約所規定者同一。
(2) 就一到期之部份履行所為之強制執行
或禁止命令遭拒絕時，仍就其係部份給
予之強制執行或禁止命令。
(3) 除強制執行或禁止命令之外仍得於同
一程序中給予損害賠償及其他措施，且
得主張防止將來損害之賠償。

§ 359. Effect Of Adequacy Of Damages
(1) Specific performance or an injunction will not be ordered if
damages would be adequate to protect the expectation interest of
the injured party
(2) The adequacy of the damage remedy for failure to render one
part of the performance due does not preclude specific
performance or injunction as to the contract as a whole
(3) Specific performance or an injunction will not be refused merely
because there is a remedy for breach other than damages, but
such a remedy may be considered in exercising discretion under
the rule stated in § 357
第359條完全賠償之效力
(1) 強制執行或禁制令在損害賠償能夠充
分保護受害人期待之利益時，不會頒布。
(2) 就完全之賠償，如不為一部之給付，則
不能排除就整個契約為強制執行或頒
布禁制令。
(3) 強制執行或禁制令，不能只因對違約有
補償而不是損害賠償而被拒絕，但此一
補償，可視為如第357條所謂的隨意選擇。

§ 360. Factors Affecting Adequacy Of Damages
In determining whether the remedy in damages would be adequate,
the following circumstances are significant:
(a) the difficulty of proving damages with reasonable certainty
(b) the difficulty of procuring a suitable substitute performance by
means of money awarded as damages
(c) the likelihood that an award of damages could not be
collected.
第360條影響適當損害賠償之因素
一損害之賠償是否適當，主要由下列之情
形決定之：
(a) 以合理之確定來證明損害賠償，
(b) 如很難取得合適的代替履行時，可以
金錢代替損害，
(c) 損害賠償之許可，不能被累積之可能程度。

§ 361. Effect Of Provision For Liquidated Damages
Specific performance or an injunction may be granted to enforce a
duty even though there is a provision for liquidated damages for
breach of that duty.
第361條約定賠償損害額條款的效力
強制履行或禁制令將被允許而強迫該義務
之履行。儘管對違反義務已有約定賠償額
之條款者亦同。

§ 362. Effect Of Uncertainty Of Terms
Specific performance or an injunction will not be granted unless the
terms of the contract are sufficiently certain to provide a basis for an
appropriate order.
第362條不確定條款之效力
強制履行或禁制令將不被允許，除非契約
條款是完全的確定，能夠提供為一個適當
命令的基礎。

§ 363. Effect Of Insecurity As To The Agreed Exchange
Specific performance or an injunction may be refused if a substantial
part of the agreed exchange for the performance to be compelled is
unperformed and its performance is not secured to the satisfaction of
the court.
第363條對價不安全之效果
強制履行或是禁制令，如在相互約定之必
須履行之內的實質部分未被履行時，和其
履行之安全沒有得到法院之滿意時，可能
會被拒絕。

§ 364. Effect Of Unfairness
(1) Specific performance or an injunction will be refused if such
relief would be unfair because
(a) the contract was induced by mistake or by unfair practices
(b) the relief would cause unreasonable hardship or loss to the
party in breach or to third persons
(c) the exchange is grossly inadequate or the terms of the
contract are otherwise unfair.
(2) Specific performance or an injunction will be granted in spite of
a term of the agreement if denial of such relief would be unfair
because it would cause unreasonable hardship or loss to the party
seeking relief or to third persons.
第364條不公平之效果
(1) 強制履行或禁制令將會遭到拒絕，如果
這些補償因下列原因而不公平時：
(a) 契約是因錯誤，或不公平之慣例而訂立。
(b) 該補償將造成違約者或第三人，不
合理的傷害或損失。
(c) 對價是相當的不適當，或契約之條
規內容有其他之不公平。
(2) 儘管是約定的內容，強制履行或禁制令
亦可被同意，因如果拒絕這樣的補償會
因而造成尋求補償者或第三者的不合
理傷害或損失而顯得不公平時。

§ 365. Effect Of Public Policy
Specific performance or an injunction will not be granted if the act
or forbearance that would be compelled or the use of compulsion is
contrary to public policy.
第365條公共政策之效果
將受強制令行為或不行為或強制之使用違
反公共政策時，強制執行或禁止命令，應
不予准許。

§ 366. Effect Of Difficulty In Enforcement Or Supervision
A promise will not be specifically enforced if the character and
magnitude of the performance would impose on the court burdens in
enforcement or supervision that are disproportionate to the
advantages to be gained from enforcement and to the harm to be
suffered from its denial.
第366條執行或監督之困難的效果
履行之性質及重大將使法院於執行或監督
時所擔當之負擔與因執行所得之利益及因
拒絕救濟之聲請所生之損害不成比例時，
一約定不應特別地執行之。

§ 367. Contracts For Personal Service Or Supervision
(1) A promise to render personal service will not be specifically
enforced.
(2) A promise to render personal service exclusively for one
employer will not be enforced by an injunction against serving
another if its probable result will be to compel a performance
involving personal relations the enforced continuance of which is
undesirable or will be to leave the employee without other
reasonable means of making a living.
第367條人身勞務或監督之契約
(1) 一從事人身勞務之約定不應特別地執行之。
(2) 於其可能之結果將迫使一涉及人身關
係之履行其執行之繼續為不妥或將使
受僱人無其他合理之維生方法時，對於
一專門替一僱佣人服人身勞務之約定
不待針對為他人服務之點以禁止命令
執行之。

§ 368. Effect Of Power Of Termination
(1) Specific performance or an injunction will not be granted against
a party who can substantially nullify the effect of the order by
exercising a power of termination or avoidance.
(2) Specific performance or an injunction will not be denied merely
because the party seeking relief has a power to terminate or avoid
his duty unless the power could be used, in spite of the order, to
deprive the other party of reasonable security for the agreed
exchange for his performance.
第368條終止權之效果
(1) 針對一待藉行使終止權或免除權而實
質地使命令無效之當事人所聲請之強
制執行或禁止命令不應准許。
(2) 雖有執行命令之存在，除其權利能用來
剝奪他方當事人就約定對價之己身履
行之合理擔保外，對於強制執行或禁止
命令之聲請不得僅因聲請救濟之當事
人有終止或免除其義務之權利即予拒絕。

§ 369. Effect Of Breach By Party Seeking Relief
Specific performance or an injunction may be granted in spite of a
breach by the party seeking relief, unless the breach is serious
enough to discharge the other party's remaining duties of
performance.
第369條聲請救濟者違約之效果
除其違約之嚴重足以消滅他方當事人尚待
履行之義務外，雖聲請救濟之當事人違
約，強制執行或禁止命令之聲請仍得准許。

Topic 4. Restitution
§ 370. Requirement That Benefit Be Conferred
A party is entitled to restitution under the rules stated in this
Restatement only to the extent that he has conferred a benefit on the
other party by way of part performance or reliance.
第四節回復原狀
第370條利益交付之要件
當事人一方僅於其基於部分履行或信賴而
已交付利益於他方當事人時，始得依本整
編之規定主張回復原狀。

§ 371. Measure Of Restitution Interest
If a sum of money is awarded to protect a party's restitution interest,
it may as justice requires be measured by either
(a) the reasonable value to the other party of what he received in
terms of what it would have cost him to obtain it from a
person in the claimant's position
(b) the extent to which the other party's property has been
increased in value or his other interests advanced.
第371條回復原狀利益之衡量
裁判予以一定數額之金錢以保護當事人一
方之回復原狀之利益時，於符合正義要求
下，其金額依下列任一方式衡量：
(a) 該當事人以向爭訟者取回利益必將
花費成本之方式，對他方當事人之所
得以收到的合理價值。
(b) 他方當事人財產價值之增加或其他
利益增值之程度。

§ 372. Specific Restitution
(1) Specific restitution will be granted to a party who is entitled to
restitution, except that:
(a) specific restitution based on a breach by the other party
under the rule stated in § 373 may be refused in the
discretion of the court if it would unduly interfere with the
certainty of title to land or otherwise cause injustice
(b) specific restitution in favor of the party in breach under the
rule stated in § 374 will not be granted.
(2) A decree of specific restitution may be made conditional on
return of or compensation for anything that the party claiming
restitution has received.
(3) If specific restitution, with or without a sum of money, will be
substantially as effective as restitution in money in putting the
party claiming restitution in the position he was in before
rendering any performance, the other party can discharge his
duty by tendering such restitution before suit is brought and
keeping his tender good.
第372條強制回復原狀
(1) 除有下列情況外，對有權主張回復原狀
者應准予強制回復原狀之聲請。
(a) 於其將不當妨礙土地所有權之指
定或造成不公平時，基於他方當事
人為第373條所規定之違約而聲請
之強制回復原狀，法院得依其裁量
拒絕之，及
(b) 有利於為第374條違約當事人之強
制回復原狀(之聲請)，不應准許。
(2) 一強制回復原狀之裁定得附以回復原
狀之聲請者應返還或賠償其所受領一
切之條件。
(3) 無論是否關係一定數額之金錢，於強制
回復原狀將實質地發生金錢回復原狀
之效力，而使聲請回復原狀之當事人居
於其為其履行前之地位時，他方當事人
得於訴訟提起前，藉繼續有效之前述回
復原狀之表示，免除其義務。

§ 373. Restitution When Other Party Is In Breach
(1) Subject to the rule stated in Subsection (2), on a breach by
non-performance that gives rise to a claim for damages for total
breach or on a repudiation, the injured party is entitled to
restitution for any benefit that he has conferred on the other party
by way of part performance or reliance.
(2) The injured party has no right to restitution if he has performed
all of his duties under the contract and no performance by the
other party remains due other than payment of a definite sum of
money for that performance.
第373條他方當事人違約時之回復原狀
(1) 除依本條第(2)項之規定外，因不履行所
致之違約而生一請求全部違約或解約
之損害賠償之主張時，受害之當事人有
權就其因部分履行或信賴而交付他方
當事人之任何利益主張回復原狀。
(2) 於受害當事人已履行契約之一切義務
且他方當事人除就該已完成履行為一
定數額金錢之給付外，別無其他到期之
履行義務時，受損害之當事人無權主張
回復原狀。

§ 374. Restitution In Favor Of Party In Breach
(1) Subject to the rule stated in Subsection (2), if a party justifiably
refuses to perform on the ground that his remaining duties of
performance have been discharged by the other party's breach,
the party in breach is entitled to restitution for any benefit that he
has conferred by way of part performance or reliance in excess of
the loss that he has caused by his own breach.
(2) To the extent that, under the manifested assent of the parties, a
party's performance is to be retained in the case of breach, that
party is not entitled to restitution if the value of the performance
as liquidated damages is reasonable in the light of the anticipated
or actual loss caused by the breach and the difficulties of proof of
loss.
第374條對違約當事人有利之回復原狀
(1) 除依本條第(2)項之規定外，當事人一方
基於其剩餘之履行義務因他方當事人
之違約已消滅之理由而正當地拒絕履
行時，違約之當事人有權就因其部份履
行或信賴而交付他方之超過其違約所
致損害部份之任何利益主張回復原狀。
(2) 履行之損害賠償預定之價值，基於考慮
因素違約所致之預估或實際損害及損
害證明之困難係合理省時，於當事人雙
方就當事人一方之履行責任於違約時
應保留表示同意之情形下，該當事人無
權主張回復原狀。

§ 375. Restitution When Contract Is Within Statute Of
Frauds
A party who would otherwise have a claim in restitution under a
contract is not barred from restitution for the reason that the contract
is unenforceable by him because of the Statute of Frauds unless the
Statute provides otherwise or its purpose would be frustrated by
allowing restitution.
第375條契約適用防止詐欺條例時之
回復原狀
除防止詐欺條例另有規定或條例之立法目
的將因回復原狀之准許而有所違背之外，
依契約得有主張回復原狀權利之當事人一
方並不因防止詐欺條例之適用致該契約為
不得執行之理由而不得主張恢復原狀。

§ 376. Restitution When Contract Is Voidable
A party who has avoided a contract on the ground of lack of
capacity, mistake, misrepresentation, duress, undue influence or
abuse of a fiduciary relation is entitled to restitution for any benefit
that he has conferred on the other party by way of part performance
or reliance.
第376條契約得撤銷時之回復原狀
因能力欠缺、錯誤、不當陳述、脅迫、不
正影響或忠實關係濫用之理由而撤銷契約
之當事人有權就其因部份履行或信賴而交
付於他方當事人之任何利益主張回復原狀。

§ 377. Restitution In Cases Of Impracticability,
Frustration, Non-Occurrence Of Condition Or Disclaimer
By Beneficiary
A party whose duty of performance does not arise or is discharged as
a result of impracticability of performance, frustration of purpose,
non-occurrence of a condition or disclaimer by a beneficiary is
entitled to restitution for any benefit that he has conferred on the
other party by way of part performance or reliance.
第377條不能實行、目的無法達成、條
件不發生或受益人拋棄權利時之回復
原狀
因履行之不能實行、目的之挫敗、一條件
之不發生或受益人拋棄權利而使其履行之
義務不發生或消滅，當事人有權就其因部
份履行或信賴而交付於他方當事人之任何
利益主張回復原狀。

Topic 5. Preclusion By Election And Affirmance
§ 378. Election Among Remedies
If a party has more than one remedy under the rules stated in this
Chapter, his manifestation of a choice of one of them by bringing
suit or otherwise is not a bar to another remedy unless the remedies
are inconsistent and the other party materially changes his position
in reliance on the manifestation.
第五節以選擇與確定所為之排除
第378條救濟之選擇
除救濟之間相牴觸且他方當事人因信賴選
擇之表示而重大改變其地位之外，當事人
一方依本章之規定得主張多種救濟時，其
藉提起訴訟或他種方式所為選擇其之表
示，並不禁止其他之救濟。

§ 379. Election To Treat Duties Of Performance Under
Aleatory Contract As Discharged
If a right or duty of the injured party is conditional on an event that
is fortuitous or is supposed by the parties to be fortuitous, he cannot
treat his remaining duties to render performance as discharged on the
ground of the other party's breach by non-performance if he does not
manifest to the other party his intention to do so before any adverse
change in the situation of the injured party resulting from the
occurrence of that event or a material change in the probability of its
occurrence.
第379條使射倖契約履行義務消滅之選擇
受損害當事人一方之權利或義務以偶發性
或當事人雙方認係偶發性之事件為條件
時，如其於因該偶發性事件之發生，或其
發生可能性之重大改變而致該受損害當事
人之情況為任何不利改變之前未向他方當
事人表示其消滅其履行義務之意欲時，其
不得基於他方當事人之不履行違約之理
由，視其所餘之履行義務已消滅。

§ 380. Loss Of Power Of Avoidance By Affirmance
(1) The power of a party to avoid a contract for incapacity, duress,
undue influence or abuse of a fiduciary relation is lost if, after
the circumstances that made the contract voidable have ceased to
exist, he manifests to the other party his intention to affirm it or
acts with respect to anything that he has received in a manner
inconsistent with disaffirmance.
(2) The power of a party to avoid a contract for mistake or
misrepresentation is lost if after he knows or has reason to know
of the mistake or of the misrepresentation if it is non-fraudulent
or knows of the misrepresentation if it is fraudulent, he manifests
to the other party his intention to affirm it or acts with respect to
anything that he has received in a manner inconsistent with
disaffirmance.
(3) If the other party rejects an offer by the party seeking avoidance
to return what he has received, the party seeking avoidance if
entitled to restitution can, after the lapse of a reasonable time,
enforce a lien on what he has received by selling it and crediting
the proceeds toward his claim in restitution.
第380條因確認而喪失免除權
(1) 使契約(效力未定)得撤銷之情形不存在
後，如當事人一方向他方當事人表示其
確認之意欲，或就任何已受領之物所為
行為，其態度與不確認不符合時，該當
事人喪失因行為能力欠缺、脅迫、不正
當影響或誠信關係濫用所得免除一契
約義務之權利。
(2) 當事人一方於知或有理由得知錯誤或
非詐欺性之不實陳述或知詐欺性之不
實陳述後，向他方當事人表示其確認之
意欲或就任何其已受領之物所為行
為，其態度與不確認、不符合時，該當
事人喪失因錯誤或不實陳述所得免除
一契約義務之權利。
(3) 他方當事人拒絕尋求免責當事人返還
所受領物之要約時，該尋求免責之當事
人如有權主張回復原狀，得經一般合理
期間後，出賣其所受領之物以實行其上
所存之質權，且將其收益併入其回復原
狀之主張中求償。

§ 381. Loss Of Power Of Avoidance By Delay
(1) The power of a party to avoid a contract for incapacity, duress,
undue influence or abuse of a fiduciary relation is lost if, after
the circumstances that made it voidable have ceased to exist, he
does not within a reasonable time manifest to the other party his
intention to avoid it.
(2) The power of a party to avoid a contract for misrepresentation or
mistake is lost if after he knows of a fraudulent misrepresentation
or knows or has reason to know of a non-fraudulent
misrepresentation or mistake he does not within a reasonable
time manifest to the other party his intention to avoid it. The
power of a party to avoid a contract for non-fraudulent
misrepresentation or mistake is also lost if the contract has been
so far performed or the circumstances have otherwise so changed
that avoidance would be inequitable and if damages will be
adequate compensation.
(3) In determining what is a reasonable time, the following
circumstances are significant:
(a) the extent to which the delay enabled or might have enabled
the party with the power of avoidance to speculate at the
other party's risk
(b) the extent to which the delay resulted or might have
resulted in justifiable reliance by the other party or by third
persons
(c) the extent to which the ground for avoidance was the result
of any fault by either party
(d) the extent to which the other party's conduct contributed to
the delay.
(4) If a right or duty of the party who has the power of avoidance for
non-fraudulent misrepresentation or mistake is conditional on an
event that is fortuitous or is supposed by the parties to be
fortuitous, a manifestation of intention under Subsection (1) or
(2) is not effective unless it is made before any adverse change in
his situation resulting from the occurrence of that event or a
material change in the probability of its occurrence.
第381條因遲延而喪失免除權
(1) 使契約得撤銷之情形不存在後，如當事
人一方未於一合理期間內向他方當事
人表示其免責之意欲時，該當事人喪失
因欠缺行為能力、脅迫、不正當影響或
誠信關係濫用所得免除一契約義務之
權利。
(2) 當事人一方於知一詐欺性之不實陳述
或知或有理由得知一非詐欺性之不實
陳述或錯誤後，未於一合理期間內表示
其免除之意欲時，該當事人喪失因不實
陳述或錯誤所得免除一契約義務之權
利，如契約早經履行或情勢已變遷以致
免除之行使將造成不公平且損害賠償
將為充分之賠償時，當事人一方亦喪失
因非詐欺性之不實陳述或錯誤所得免
除一契約義務之權利。
(3) 於決定一合理期間時，下列情形為考慮
時之重要因素：
(a) 該遲延達致使或得使有權免除之
當事人基於他方當事人之危險而
投機之程度。
(b) 該遲延達到導致或得導致他方當
事人或第三人正當信賴之程度。
(c) 該主張免除之理由係當事人任一
方為詐欺之結束，與
(d) 他方當事人之行為有助於遲延之
發生(該遲延之發生係亦可歸因於
他方當事人之行為)。
(4) 因非詐欺性之不實陳述或錯誤而有免
除權之當事人之一權利或義務，如以一
偶發性或當事人雙方認係偶發性之事
件為條件時，除依本條第(1)項及第(2)
項所為之意欲表示係作成於因該事件
之發生或其發生可能性為重大改變而
致該當事人之地位為任何不利改變之
前外，該等意欲表示不生效力。

§ 382. Loss Of Power To Affirm By Prior Avoidance
(1) If a party has effectively exercised his power of avoidance, a
subsequent manifestation of intent to affirm is inoperative unless
the other party manifests his assent to affirmance by refusal to
accept a return of his performance or otherwise.
(2) A party has not exercised his power of avoidance under the rule
stated in Subsection (1) until
(a) he has regained all or a substantial part of what he would be
entitled to by way of restitution on avoidance,
(b) he has obtained a final judgment of or based on avoidance,
or
(c) the other party has materially relied on or manifested his
assent to a statement of disaffirmance.
第382條因先前免除而喪失確認權
(1) 除他方當事人藉拒絕受領其履行之返
還或他法表示其對確認之同意外，當事
人一方如已有效地行使其免除權時，其
後所為確認之意欲表示不生效力。
(2) 當事人一方有下列情形之一時，方可謂
其已依本條第(1)項之規定行使免除權：
(a) 其已回復藉免除而為之回復原狀
所得主張之一切或實質部份之物。
(b) 其已取得一生免除效果或基於免
除上之終局判局。
(c) 他方當事人已為重大依賴或已對
不為確認之陳述表示同意。

§ 383. Avoidance In Part
A contract cannot be avoided in part except that where one or more
corresponding pairs of part performances have been fully performed
by one or both parties the rest of the contract can be avoided.
第383條部份免除
除一或多組相對應之部份履行已由當事人
一方或雙方完全履行且該契約其餘部份之
履行得以免除之，不得就一契約之部份履
行為免除。

§ 384. Requirement That Party Seeking Restitution
Return Benefit
(1) Except as stated in Subsection (2), a party will not be granted
restitution unless
(a) he returns or offers to return, conditional on restitution, any
interest in property that he has received in exchange in
substantially as good condition as when it was received by
him
(b) the court can assure such return in connection with the
relief granted.
(2) The requirement stated in Subsection (1) does not apply to
property
(a) that was worthless when received or that has been
destroyed or lost by the other party or as a result of its own
defects,
(b) that either could not from the time of receipt have been
returned or has been used or disposed of without knowledge
of the grounds for restitution if justice requires that
compensation be accepted in its place and the payment of
such compensation can be assured, or
(c) as to which the contract apportions the price if that part of
the price is not included in the claim for restitution.
第384條聲請回復原狀當事人回復利
益之要件
(1) 除本條和第(2)項另有規定外，非有下列
情形之一，當事人一方回復原狀之聲請
不應准許。
(a) 該當事人以回復原狀為條件之返
還或要約返還其於交換時已受領
之任何財產上之利益，仍與其受領
時為實質上相同之情況，或
(b) 法院能確定該等返還與所准許之
救濟有關連
(2) 第(1)項所規定之要件不適用於下列情
形之財產。
(a) 該財產於受領時為無價值者或已
被他方當事人或因其自身之瑕疵
致使之毀損或遺失
(b) 如在此接受賠償代替該財產符合
公平要求且此等賠償之給付能以
確保之情況下，該財產自受領時即
不能返還或不知回復原狀之原因
而已被使用或處分或
(c) 於該財產之價格未包括回復原狀
請求範圍之內時，該財產於契約中
之價格部份。

§ 385. Effect Of Power Of Avoidance On Duty Of
Performance Or On Duty Arising Out Of Breach
(1) Unless an offer to restore performance received is a condition of
avoidance, a party has no duty of performance while his power
of avoidance exists.
(2) If an offer to restore performance received is a condition of
avoidance, a duty to pay damages is terminated by such an offer
made before the power of avoidance is lost.
第385條撤銷權對履行義務或因違約
所生責任之影響
(1) 除返還已受領履行之要約係行使撤銷
權之條件外，當事人一方於其撤銷權
存在時，無履行之義務。
(2) 返還已受領履行之要約若係行使撤銷
權之條件，則給付損害賠償之責任，
因作成於撤銷權喪失前之該要約而終止。

(完)