美國整編契約法 (第二版) (1)－關於愛，我是個小學生。

美國法律整編 (第二版) 契約法
Restatement of The Law, Second, Contracts
黃裕凱老師編
中文資料來源：司法週刊雜誌社，美國法律整編契約法，1988年版

CHAPTER 1 MEANING OF TERMS
§ 1. Contract Defined
A contract is a promise or a set of promises for the breach of which
the law gives a remedy, or the performance of which the law in some
way recognizes as a duty.
第一章名詞定義
第1條契約定義
契約係一意思表示或一組之意思表示，於
違反時法律予以救濟或其之履行法律在某
些情況下視為義務。

§ 2. Promise; Promisor; Promisee; Beneficiary
(1) A promise is a manifestation of intention to act or refrain from
acting in a specified way, so made as to justify a promisee in
understanding that a commitment has been made.
(2) The person manifesting the intention is the promisor.
(3) The person to whom the manifestation is addressed is the
promisee.
(4) Where performance will benefit a person other than the
promisee, that person is a beneficiary.
第2條意思表示；要約人；相對人；受
益人
(1) 意思表示係顯示特定之行為或不行為
之意思，而為相對人認為為一允諾者。
(2) 為意思表示之人為要約人。
(3) 為意思表示之對象者為相對人。
(4) 除相對人外，因履行而受利益者為受益
人。

§ 3. Agreement Defined; Bargain Defined
An agreement is a manifestation of mutual assent on the part of two
or more persons. A bargain is an agreement to exchange promises or
to exchange a promise for a performance or to exchange
performances.
第3條協議之定義；交易之定義
協議者，二人以上之相互同意之表示。交
易者，乃一協議用以交換要約或交換履行
之要約或交換履行。

§ 4. How a Promise May Be Made
A promise may be stated in words either oral or written, or may be
inferred wholly or partly from conduct.
第4條意思表示之作成方式
意思表示得以口頭或書面為之，或得全部
或一部由行為中推知。

§ 5. Terms Of Promise, Agreement, Or Contract
(1) A term of a promise or agreement is that portion of the intention
or assent manifested which relates to a particular matter.
(2) A term of a contract is that portion of the legal relations
resulting from the promise or set of promises which relates to a
particular matter, whether or not the parties manifest an
intention to create those relations.
第5條約定、協定或契約之條款
(1) 稱約定或協定條款者，謂就有關特定
事項所表示之意思或同意之部分。
(2) 稱契約之條款者，謂就有關係特定事
項所為之約定或一組約定所生之法律
關係，而不論當事人是否表示創設該
等關係之意思。

§ 6. Formal Contract
The following types of contracts are subject in some respects to
special rules that depend on their formal characteristics and differ
from those governing contracts in general:
(a) Contracts under seal
(b) Recognizances
(c) Negotiable instruments and documents
(d) Letters of credit.
第6條要式契約
下列類型之契約依其要式性質在某些方面
適用特別規定而與一般契約適用之規定不
同：
(a) 蓋印契約，
(b) 自認，
(c) 票據及指示證券，
(d) 信用狀。

§ 7. Voidable Contracts
A voidable contract is one where one or more parties have the
power, by a manifestation of election to do so, to avoid the legal
relations created by the contract, or by ratification of the contract to
extinguish the power of avoidance.
第7條得撤銷之契約
稱得撤銷之契約者，謂其一或多數當事人
有權，以符合本意之明示方式表示撤銷契
約所創設之法律關係，或以契約之確認方
式消滅撤銷權之契約。

§ 8. Unenforceable Contracts
An unenforceable contract is one for the breach of which neither the
remedy of damages nor the remedy of specific performance is
available, but which is recognized in some other way as creating a
duty of performance, though there has been no ratification.
第8條不得強制履行之契約
稱不得強制履行之契約，謂違約時不得請
求損害賠償或強制履行之救濟，但縱在無
確認之情形下亦得於其他方面承認其有創
設履行契約之義務。

Chapter 2 Formation Of Contracts-Parties And
Capacity
§ 9. Parties Required
There must be at least two parties to a contract, a promisor and a
promisee, but there may be any greater number
第二章契約之構成－當事人與行為能力
第9條當事人之要件
一契約至少必須具備兩方當事人，一承諾
人及一相對人，但亦得為多數之當事人。

§10. Multiple Promisors And Promisees Of The Same
Performance
(1) Where there are more promisors than one in a contract, some or
all of them may promise the same performance, whether or not
there are also promises of separate performances.
(2) Where there are more promisees than one in a contract, a
promise may be made to some or all of them as a unit, whether
or not the same or another performance is separately promised
to one or more of them.
第10條同一履行中之多數要約人及受
要約人
(1) 同一契約中有多數要約人者，其中之
部份或全體得要約同一履行，不論其
是否同時有其他個別履行之要約。
(2) 同一契約中有多數受要約人者，得對
其中之部分或全體視為一體而發要
約，不論同一或其他履行是否係分別
向受要約人中之一或多數而所為之要約。

§11. When A Person May Be Both Promisor And Promisee
A contract may be formed between two or more persons acting as a
unit and one or more but fewer than all of these persons, acting
either singly or with other persons.
第11條一人同時為要約人及受要約人
契約，得於自成一單位之二人以上與，一
人之單一體或少於全部人數之多數人的組
合體，之間形成。

§ 12. Capacity To Contract
(1) No one can be bound by contract who has not legal capacity to
incur at least voidable contractual duties. Capacity to contract
may be partial and its existence in respect of a particular
transaction may depend upon the nature of the transaction or
upon other circumstances.
(2) A natural person who manifests assent to a transaction has full
legal capacity to incur contractual duties thereby unless he is
(a) under guardianship
(b) an infant
(c) mentally ill or defective
(d) intoxicated.
第12條契約能力
(1) 無法律能力負擔契約義務者，不受契
約之拘束。契約能力得部分存在，其
於特定交易是否部分存在，視該交易
之性質或其他情況而定。
(2) 自然人對交易表示同意者，有完全法
律能力負擔該契約義務，但其有下列
情形之一者，不在此限：
(a) 在監護中，
(b) 未成年，
(c) 心神疾病或欠缺，
(d) 中毒。

§ 13. Persons Affected By Guardianship
A person has no capacity to incur contractual duties if his property is
under guardianship by reason of an adjudication of mental illness or
defect.
第13條被監護人
因精神上疾病或心理欠缺而受宣告禁治產
之人，無負擔契約義務之能力。

§ 14. Infants
Unless a statute provides otherwise, a natural person has the capacity
to incur only voidable contractual duties until the beginning of the
day before the person's eighteenth birthday.
第14條未成年人
除法律另有規定外，自然人在其十八歲生
日之日以前，僅有負擔得撤銷契約之義務
之能力。

§ 15. Mental Illness Or Defect
(1) A person incurs only voidable contractual duties by entering into
a transaction if by reason of mental illness or defect
(a) he is unable to understand in a reasonable manner the nature
and consequences of the transaction
(b) he is unable to act in a reasonable manner in relation to the
transaction and the other party has reason to know of his
condition.
(2) Where the contract is made on fair terms and the other party is
without knowledge of the mental illness or defect, the power of
avoidance under Subsection (1) terminates to the extent that the
contract has been so performed in whole or in part or the
circumstances have so changed that avoidance would be unjust.
In such a case a court may grant relief as justice requires.
第15條精神上疾病或心理欠缺
(1) 有下述情形之一者因精神之疾病或心
理欠缺而訂立交易，僅負擔得撤銷契約
之義務：
(a) 其不能以理性方式了解交易之性
質及結果，或
(b) 其不能以理性方式而為有關該交
易之行為，且相對人可得而知此情
況。
(2) 契約係基於公平內容而訂立，且相對人
不知精神上疾病或欠缺，前項之撤銷權
在契約已經全部或部分履行之範圍內
消滅，或情事變更致撤銷不公平者，亦
同。在此等情形，法院因公平起見，得
給予損害賠償。

§ 16. Intoxicated Persons
A person incurs only voidable contractual duties by entering into a
transaction if the other party has reason to know that by reason of
intoxication.
(a) he is unable to understand in a reasonable manner the nature
and consequences of the transaction
(b) he is unable to act in a reasonable manner in relation to the
transaction.
第16條酒醉之人
若相對人可得而知對方係因酒醉且有下述
情形之一而訂立交易，則該酒醉者僅負擔
得撤銷契約之義務。
(a) 其不能以理性方式了解交易之性
質及結果，或
(b) 其不能以理性方式而為與該項交
易有關之行為。

Chapter 3 Formation Of Contracts-Mutual Assent
Topic 1. In General
§ 17. Requirement Of A Bargain
(1) Except as stated in Subsection (2), the formation of a contract
requires a bargain in which there is a manifestation of mutual
assent to the exchange and a consideration.
(2) Whether or not there is a bargain a contract may be formed
under special rules applicable to formal contracts or under the
rules stated in §§ 82-94.
第三章契約之形成－相互同意
第一節通論
第17條對價契約之條件
(1) 除本條第(2)項另有規定外，契約之構
成須具備對於交換之合意表示及約因
均含於內之交易。
(2) 無論是否具備對待給付，契約得依適
用於要式契約或第82條至第94條所訂
之特別規定而構成。

Topic 2. Manifestation Of Assent In General
§ 18. Manifestation Of Mutual Assent
Manifestation of mutual assent to an exchange requires that each
party either make a promise or begin or render a performance.
第二節同意之表示
第18條合意之表示
對交換所表示之合意須具備使當事人雙方
為約定或開始或從事履行契約之義務。

§ 19. Conduct As Manifestation Of Assent
(1) The manifestation of assent may be made wholly or partly by
written or spoken words or by other acts or by failure to act.
(2) The conduct of a party is not effective as a manifestation of his
assent unless he intends to engage in the conduct and knows or
has reason to know that the other party may infer from his
conduct that he assents.
(3) The conduct of a party may manifest assent even though he does
not in fact assent. In such cases a resulting contract may be
voidable because of fraud, duress, mistake, or other invalidating
cause.
第19條視為同意表示之行為
(1) 同意之表示得全部或一部由書面，口
頭或其他行為或不作為作成之。
(2) 當事人一方之行為除係其故意為之，
並自其知或有理由知他方當事人得由
其行為推論其同意者外，不生表示其
同意之效力。
(3) 雖行為人事實上未為同意，當事人一
方之行為仍得視為同意之表示。在前
述情形所締結之契約得因詐欺、脅迫
錯誤或其他無效之原因而撤銷。

§ 20. Effect Of Misunderstanding
(1) There is no manifestation of mutual assent to an exchange if the
parties attach materially different meanings to their
manifestations.
(a) neither party knows or has reason to know the meaning
attached by the other
(b) each party knows or each party has reason to know the
meaning attached by the other.
(2) The manifestations of the parties are operative in accordance
with the meaning attached to them by one of the parties if
(a) that party does not know of any different meaning
attached by the other, and the other knows the meaning
attached by the first party
(b) that party has no reason to know of any different meaning
attached by the other, and the other has reason to know
the meaning attached by the first party.
第20條誤解之效果
(1) 當事人雙方就其表示所賦予之意思有
重大不同且有下列情形之一者時，對一
交換而言即無合意之表示。
(a) 當事人對於他方所賦予之意思皆不
知或無理由得知，或
(b) 當事人對於他方所賦予之意思皆知
或有理由得知。
(2) 有下列情形之一者時，雙方當事人所存
之表示依一當事人所賦予之意思生效。
(a) 如該一當事人不知他方賦予之任
何不同意思，而該他方當事人知該
一當事人所賦予之意思；或
(b) 如該一當事人無理由得知他方當
事人所賦予之任何不同意思，而該
他方當事人有理由得知該一當事
人所賦予之意思。

§ 21. Intention To Be Legally Bound
Neither real nor apparent intention that a promise be legally binding
is essential to the formation of a contract, but a manifestation of
intention that a promise shall not affect legal relations may prevent
the formation of a contract.
第21條受法律拘束之意思
欲使一約定受法律拘束之此一真實或明顯
之意思對一契約之構成非為必要，但欲使
一約定不影響法律關係之此一意思表示，
得阻礙一契約之構成。

§ 22. Mode Of Assent: Offer And Acceptance
(1) The manifestation of mutual assent to an exchange ordinarily
takes the form of an offer or proposal by one party followed by
an acceptance by the other party or parties.
(2) A manifestation of mutual assent may be made even though
neither offer nor acceptance can be identified and even though
the moment of formation cannot be determined.
第22條同意之模式：要約與承諾
(1) 對一交換所存合意之表示通常採取當
事人一方為要約或建議而由他方當事
人為承諾之方式。
(2) 雖在要約及承諾皆無法確認又雖契約
作成之時間無法決定時，仍得為合意之
表示。

§ 23. Necessity That Manifestations Have Reference To
Each Other
It is essential to a bargain that each party manifest assent with
reference to the manifestation of the other.
第23條意思表示到達相對人之必要性
對一交易而言，每一當事人表示其同意
時，必須針對他方當事人所存之表示為之。

Topic 3. Making Of Offers
§ 24. Offer Defined
An offer is the manifestation of willingness to enter into a bargain,
so made as to justify another person in understanding that his assent
to that bargain is invited and will conclude it.
第三節要約之作成
第24條要約之定義
稱要約者，乃對成立一交易之意願的表
明，且據以得在協議中證實他方之對交易
表示同意乃出諸於受邀且有訂約之意。

§ 25. Option Contracts
An option contract is a promise which meets the requirements for
the formation of a contract and limits the promisor's power to revoke
an offer.
第25條選擇性契約
稱選擇性契約謂符合契約形成要件且限制
表意人撤回要約權利之約定。

§ 26. Preliminary Negotiations
A manifestation of willingness to enter into a bargain is not an offer
if the person to whom it is addressed knows or has reason to know
that the person making it does not intend to conclude a bargain until
he has made a further manifestation of assent.
第26條預備磋商
如其所表示之對象知或有理由得知該作成
之人於為進一步同意之表示方意圖締結交
易時，締結交易意願之表示非屬要約。

§ 27. Existence Of Contract Where Written Memorial Is
Contemplated
Manifestations of assent that are in themselves sufficient to conclude
a contract will not be prevented from so operating by the fact that
the parties also manifest an intention to prepare and adopt a written
memorial thereof; but the circumstances may show that the
agreements are preliminary negotiations.
第27條意圖採用書面備忘錄之契約的
存在
本身已足以締結契約之同意表示，不因當
事人亦為準備及採用，書面備忘錄之意思
表示之事實而不生締約之作用，但依其情
勢得顯明其協定保留預備磋商。

§ 28. Auctions
(1) At an auction, unless a contrary intention is manifested
(a) the auctioneer invites offers from successive bidders which
he may accept or reject.
(b) when goods are put up without reserve, the auctioneer
makes an offer to sell at any price bid by the highest bidder,
and after the auctioneer calls for bids the goods cannot be
withdrawn unless no bid is made within a reasonable time.
(c) whether or not the auction is without reserve, a bidder may
withdraw his bid until the auctioneer's announcement of
completion of the sale, but a bidder's retraction does not
revive any previous bid.
(2) Unless a contrary intention is manifested, bids at an auction
embody terms made known by advertisement, posting or other
publication of which bidders are or should be aware, as modified
by any announcement made by the auctioneer when the goods
are put up.
第28條拍賣
(1) 除有相反意思之表示外，於拍賣時，
(a) 拍賣人誘邀連續出價人之要約而得
接受或拒絕之；
(b) 於拍賣商品未附有保留而提示競價
人時，拍賣人為一出賣予任何價格時
之最高出價人之要約，且於拍賣人為
出價競賣之表示後，除於一合理期間
內無競價之表示外，該商品不得撤
回；
(c) 無論拍賣是否附有保留，出價人於拍
賣人宣佈拍賣完成之前得撤回其出
價，但一出價人之撤回不恢復任何前
所為之出價。
(2) 除有相反意思之表示外，於拍賣中所為
之出價即係對，出價人經由廣告、標籤
或其他出版物等方式所知曉或應知之
條件，予以認可之，一如貨物於提示拍
賣時由拍賣人以任何之聲明予以修正
者相同。

§ 29. To Whom An Offer Is Addressed
(1) The manifested intention of the offeror determines the person or
persons in whom is created a power of acceptance.
(2) An offer may create a power of acceptance in a specified person
or in one or more of a specified group or class of persons, acting
separately or together, or in anyone or everyone who makes a
specified promise or renders a specified performance.

第29條受要約送達之人
(1) 要約人以其明示之意思決定對何人創
設承諾之能力。
(2) 一要約得對一特定人或獨立或共同行
為之特定群或階級中之一人或多人，或
對特定約定或強制執行人中之任何人或全體創設承諾之能力。

§ 30. Form Of Acceptance Invited
(1) An offer may invite or require acceptance to be made by an
affirmative answer in words, or by performing or refraining from
performing a specified act, or may empower the offeree to make
a selection of terms in his acceptance.
(2) Unless otherwise indicated by the language or the circumstances,
an offer invites acceptance in any manner and by any medium
reasonable in the circumstances.
第30條承諾之形式
(1) 一要約得請求或規定承諾應以語文為
確定之答覆或以履行、不履行某特定行
為為之，或得授權受要約人就其承諾自
選方式。
(2) 除所用語文或情勢另有指示外，一要約
得依合乎情勢之任何合理方式及媒介
請求承諾。

§ 31. Offer Proposing A Single Contract Or A Number Of
Contracts
An offer may propose the formation of a single contract by a single
acceptance or the formation of a number of contracts by successive
acceptances from time to time.
第31條建議訂定一或多數契約之要約
要約得建議以一單獨之承諾作成一單一契
約或隨時以連續之多數承諾作成之契約。

§ 32. Invitation Of Promise Or Performance
In case of doubt an offer is interpreted as inviting the offeree to
accept either by promising to perform what the offer requests or by
rendering the performance, as the offeree chooses.
第32條約定或履行之誘引
於疑義時，一要約應依受要約人之選擇，
解釋為誘引受要約人接受為要約所求之履
行之約定或為履行行為。

§ 33. Certainty
(1) Even though a manifestation of intention is intended to be
understood as an offer, it cannot be accepted so as to form a
contract unless the terms of the contract are reasonably certain.
(2) The terms of a contract are reasonably certain if they provide a
basis for determining the existence of a breach and for giving an
appropriate remedy.
(3) The fact that one or more terms of a proposed bargain are left
open or uncertain may show that a manifestation of intention is
not intended to be understood as an offer or as an acceptance.
第33條確定性
(1) 雖一意思表示乃在使人明瞭其為一要
約，但除契約之條款係合理地確定外，
該要約不得被承諾以作成一契約。
(2) 如契約之條款就違約之存否及適當之
救濟提供予基礎時，則契約之條款為合
理地確定。
(3) 一擬議交易之一以上之條款係未訂定
或係不確定之事實，得顯示一意思之表
示並不在使人明瞭其為一要約或一承
諾。

§34. Certainty And Choice Of Terms; Effect Of
Performance Or Reliance
(1) The terms of a contract may be reasonably certain even though it
empowers one or both parties to make a selection of terms in the
course of performance.
(2) Part performance under an agreement may remove uncertainty
and establish that a contract enforceable as a bargain has been
formed.
(3) Action in reliance on an agreement may make a contractual
remedy appropriate even though uncertainty is not removed.
第34條確定性與條款之選擇；履行或
信賴之效果
(1) 契約之條款雖授權當事人一方或雙方
於履行時得為條款之選擇，其仍得視為
合理地確定。
(2) 依一協定所為之部分履行得除去不確
定性且得確立一契約具有交易作成時
之可執行性。
(3) 雖不確定未為除去，信賴一協定而為之
訴訟得使一契約之救濟適當。

Topic 4. Duration Of The Offeree's Power Of Acceptance
§ 35. The Offeree's Power Of Acceptance
(1) An offer gives to the offeree a continuing power to complete the
manifestation of mutual assent by acceptance of the offer.
(2) A contract cannot be created by acceptance of an offer after the
power of acceptance has been terminated in one of the ways § 36.
listed in
第四節受要約人承諾能力之存續期間
第35條受要約人之承諾能力
(1) 一要約賦予受要約人一繼續能力，以對
該要約之承諾作成合意之表示。
(2) 承諾能力依第36條所規定方式之一予
以終止後，不得以一要約之承諾作成一
契約。

§36. Methods Of Termination Of The Power Of
Acceptance
(1) An offeree's power of acceptance may be terminated by
(a) rejection or counter-offer by the offeree
(b) lapse of time
(c) revocation by the offeror
(d) death or incapacity of the offeror or offeree.
(2) In addition, an offeree's power of acceptance is terminated by the
non-occurrence of any condition of acceptance under the terms
of the offer.
第36條終止承諾能力之方式
(1) 一受要約人之承諾能力得依下列方式
終止：
(a) 受要約人為拒絕或反要約。
(b) 已過承諾時間。
(c) 要約人為撤回。
(d) 要約人或受要約人死亡，或無行為能力
(2) 此外，一受要約人之承諾能力因依要約
之條款所訂定之任何承諾條件之不成就終止。

§37. Termination Of Power Of Acceptance Under Option
Contract
Notwithstanding §§ 38-49, the power of acceptance under an option
contract is not terminated by rejection or counter-offer, by
revocation, or by death or incapacity of the offeror, unless the
requirements are met for the discharge of a contractual duty.
第37條依選擇契約所為承諾能力之終
止
除符合契約義務之解除要件外，縱第38條
至第49條另有規定，依一選擇契約所生之
承諾能力並不因要約之撤回或拒絕，或反
要約，或要約人死亡，無行為能力而終止。

§ 38. Rejection
(1) An offeree's power of acceptance is terminated by his rejection
of the offer, unless the offeror has manifested a contrary
intention.
(2) A manifestation of intention not to accept an offer is a rejection
unless the offeree manifests an intention to take it under further
advisement.
第38條要約之拒絕
(1) 除要約人另有相反之意思表示外，受要
約人之承諾能力因其對要約之拒絕而
終止。
(2) 除受要約人表示依進一步之建議接受
要約之意思外，一不接受要約之意思表
示即為拒絕。

§ 39. Counter-Offers
(1) A counter-offer is an offer made by an offeree to his offeror
relating to the same matter as the original offer and proposing a
substituted bargain differing from that proposed by the original
offer.
(2) An offeree's power of acceptance is terminated by his making of
a counter-offer, unless the offeror has manifested a contrary
intention or unless the counter-offer manifests a contrary
intention of the offeree.
要約。
第39條反要約
(1) 稱反要約者，謂一由受要約人向要約人
就關於原要約同一事項所為且提出一
與原要約所建議者不同之替代交易之
(2) 除要約人曾為相反之意思表示或反要
約顯示受要約人相反之意思表示外，受
要約人之承諾能力因其為反要約而終
止。

§40. Time When Rejection Or Counter-Offer Terminates
The Power Of Acceptance
Rejection or counter-offer by mail or telegram does not terminate the
power of acceptance until received by the offeror, but limits the
power so that a letter or telegram of acceptance started after the
sending of an otherwise effective rejection or counter-offer is only a
counter-offer unless the acceptance is received by the offeror before
he receives the rejection or counter-offer.
第40條要約之拒絕或反要約終止承諾
能力之時間
以郵寄或電報所為之要約拒絕或反要約於
要約人收到時始生終止承諾能力之效果，
但除要約人於其接到要約之拒絕或反要約
之前已收到承諾外，以郵寄或電報所為之
拒絕或反要約乃限制承諾之能力而使本為
有效之要約拒絕或反要約於發送後始以信
函或電報所為之承諾，僅生反要約之效力。

§ 41. Lapse Of Time
(1) An offeree's power of acceptance is terminated at the time
specified in the offer, or, if no time is specified, at the end of a
reasonable time.
(2) What is a reasonable time is a question of fact, depending on all
the circumstances existing when the offer and attempted
acceptance are made.
(3) Unless otherwise indicated by the language or the circumstances,
and subject to the rule stated in § 49, an offer sent by mail is
seasonably accepted if an acceptance is mailed at any time before
midnight on the day on which the offer is received.
第41條存續期間之經過
(1) 受要約人之承諾能力於要約所指定之
期間終止之，或如未指定期間時於一合
理期間終了時終止之。
(2) 何者為一合理期間係一事實問題，應依
要約及意欲之承諾作成時所存在之一
切情勢決定之。
(3) 除所用語言或情勢另有決定，且依第49
條之規定外，如承諾是在要約收到當日
之午夜前的任何時間內寄發時，則經郵
寄所發送之該要約即係立即地被承諾。

§ 42. Revocation By Communication From Offeror
Received By Offeree
An offeree's power of acceptance is terminated when the offeree
receives from the offeror a manifestation of an intention not to enter
into the proposed contract.
第42條要約人所為由受要約人收受之
撤回
一要約人之承諾能力於其收到由要約人所
為之不締結擬議中契約之意思表示時終止
之。

§ 43. Indirect Communication Of Revocation
An offeree's power of acceptance is terminated when the offeror
takes definite action inconsistent with an intention to enter into the
proposed contract and the offeree acquires reliable information to
that effect.
第43條撤回之間接傳達
一受要約人之承諾能力於要約人採取一與
締結契約之意思並不一致之確定行動，且
被要約人就該行動獲得可靠消息時終止
之。

§ 44. Effect Of Deposit On Revocability Of Offer
An offeror's power of revocation is not limited by the deposit of
money or other property to be forfeited in the event of revocation,
but the deposit may be forfeited to the extent that it is not a penalty.
第44條就要約撤回所為留置物之效果
一要約人之撤回要約之能力，不因於撤回
時將被沒收之金錢或其他財產之留置物而
受限制，但該留置物仍得於非為懲罰之限
度內沒收之。

§ 45. Option Contract Created By Part Performance Or
Tender
(1) Where an offer invites an offeree to accept by rendering a
performance and does not invite a promissory acceptance, an
option contract is created when the offeree tenders or begins the
invited performance or tenders a beginning of it.
(2) The offeror's duty of performance under any option contract so
created is conditional on completion or tender of the invited
performance in accordance with the terms of the offer.
第45條因部分履行或提出所創設之選
擇權契約
(1) 在一要約邀引受要約人為一履行而非
邀引以約定履行作為承諾之情形，原受
要約人提出或開始該邀引之履行或就
該邀引履行之開始為著手時，創設一選
擇權契約。
(2) 依前項創設之選擇權契約而生之要約
人之履行義務附以依要約之條款完成
或提出該邀引履行之條件。

§ 46. Revocation Of General Offer
Where an offer is made by advertisement in a newspaper or other
general notification to the public or to a number of persons whose
identity is unknown to the offeror, the offeree's power of acceptance
is terminated when a notice of termination is given publicity by
advertisement or other general notification equal to that given to the
offer and no better means of notification is reasonably available.
第46條不特定要約之撤回
要約若以報紙廣告或其他對公眾或對要約
人並不知其身份之多數人，所為之不特定
通知而予以作成時，則受要約人之承諾能
力於一終止之通知此廣告或其他之相當於
作成要約時之不特定通知，公諸於眾是無
可合理使用更佳之通知方法時終止之。

§ 47. Revocation Of Divisible Offer
An offer contemplating a series of independent contracts by separate
acceptances may be effectively revoked so as to terminate the power
to create future contracts, though one or more of the proposed
contracts have already been formed by the offeree's acceptance.
第47條可分割要約之撤回
雖擬議契約中之一或多者已被受約人以承
諾作成之。但以分立承諾約定一系列獨立
契約之要約得有效地撤回以終止創設未來
契約之承諾能力。

§ 48. Death Or Incapacity Of Offeror Or Offeree
An offeree's power of acceptance is terminated when the offeree or
offeror dies or is deprived of legal capacity to enter into the
proposed contract.
第48條要約人或受要約人死亡或無行
為能力
受要約人之承諾能力於受要約人或要約人
死亡或被剝奪訂定擬議契約之法定行為能
力時終止。

§ 49. Effect Of Delay In Communication Of Offer
If communication of an offer to the offeree is delayed, the period
within which a contract can be created by acceptance is not thereby
extended if the offeree knows or has reason to know of the delay,
though it is due to the fault of the offeror; but if the delay is due to
the fault of the offeror or to the means of transmission adopted by
him, and the offeree neither knows nor has reason to know that there
has been delay, a contract can be created by acceptance within the
period which would have been permissible if the offer had been
dispatched at the time that its arrival seems to indicate.
第49條要約通知遲延之效果
若對受要約人之要約通知遲延而相對人知
悉或可得而知該項遲延，縱該項遲延係由
要約人之過失所致，原之因承諾而得成立
契約之期間亦不因此而延展；但若該遲延
係由要約人或其採用傳遞工具之過失所
致，且相對人不知或不可得而知有該項遲
延，而該要約已經發送，且其到達時係於
指定之時間內，則契約在可允許之期限內
經承諾仍得以成立。

Topic 5. Acceptance Of Offers
§ 50. Acceptance Of Offer Defined; Acceptance By
Performance; Acceptance By Promise
(1) Acceptance of an offer is a manifestation of assent to the terms
thereof made by the offeree in a manner invited or required by
the offer.
(2) Acceptance by performance requires that at least part of what the
offer requests be performed or tendered and includes acceptance
by a performance which operates as a return promise.
(3) Acceptance by a promise requires that the offeree complete every
act essential to the making of the promise.
第五節要約承諾
第50條要約承諾之定義；以履行作成
之承諾；以應允作成之承諾
(1) 對一要約之承諾乃是，受要約人依要約
所邀引或所規定之方式對要約之條件
表示其之同意。
(2) 以履行所作成之承諾乃，至少要約所要
求內容之部分必須予以履行或提供，且
亦含及以具有相對約定之功能的履行
行為而所為之承諾。
(3) 以應允所作成之承諾乃，受要約人就該
應允之作成上之每一個重要行為均須
予以完成之謂。

§ 51. Effect Of Part Performance Without Knowledge Of
Offer
Unless the offeror manifests a contrary intention, an offeree who
learns of an offer after he has rendered part of the performance
requested by the offer may accept by completing the requested
performance.
第51條不知要約之部分履行之效果
除要約人有表示相反之意思外，相對人因
應要約要求而履行部分後始知要約者，得
以完成所被要求之履行而為承諾。

§ 52. Who May Accept An Offer
An offer can be accepted only by a person whom it invites to furnish
the consideration.
第52條得對要約承諾之人
要約僅能被對之要求提供對價之人承諾。

§53. Acceptance By Performance; Manifestation Of
Intention Not To Accept
(1) An offer can be accepted by the rendering of a performance only
if the offer invites such an acceptance.
(2) Except as stated in § 69, the rendering of a performance does not
constitute an acceptance if within a reasonable time the offeree
exercises reasonable diligence to notify the offeror of
non-acceptance.
(3) (3) Where an offer of a promise invites acceptance by
performance and does not invite a promissory acceptance, the
rendering of the invited performance does not constitute an
acceptance if before the offeror performs his promise the offeree
manifests an intention not to accept.
第53條因履行而承諾；不承諾之意思
表示
(1) 要約能因履行之行使而承諾，惟僅於該
要約要求此等承諾時始可為之。
(2) 除如第69條所述者外，若在相當時期內
受要約人行相當之努力去通知要約人
不予承諾。則履行之行為並不構成承
諾。
(3) 合意之要約要求因履行而承諾，而不要
求合意的承諾，若要約人履行其合意
前，受要約人已表示不予承諾之意思。
則被要求履行之行為並不構成承諾。

§54. Acceptance By Performance; Necessity Of
Notification To Offeror
(1) Where an offer invites an offeree to accept by rendering a
performance, no notification is necessary to make such an
acceptance effective unless the offer requests such a notification.
(2) If an offeree who accepts by rendering a performance has reason
to know that the offeror has no adequate means of learning of the
performance with reasonable promptness and certainty, the
contractual duty of the offeror is discharged unless
(a) the offeree exercises reasonable diligence to notify the
offeror of acceptance
(b) the offeror learns of the performance within a reasonable
time
(c) the offer indicates that notification of acceptance is not
required.
第54條因履行而承諾；對要約人通知之必要性
(1) 要求受要約人藉履行之行使而承諾之
要約，無須通知即可使該承諾有效，但
該要約要求此項通知者，不在此限。
(2) 若藉履行之行使而承諾之受要約人可
得而知要約人並無適當方法。可在合理
之最短期間內及確實地知悉之履行行
為，則要約人之契約義務免除，但有下
列情形之一者，不在此限：
(a) 受要約人已盡合理的努力去通知要
約人其已承諾，
(b) 要約人知悉履行係在合理的時期內，
(c) 要約人指明無須承諾之通知。

§ 55. Acceptance Of Non-Promissory Offers
Acceptance by promise may create a contract in which the offeror's
performance is completed when the offeree's promise is made.
第55條非合意要約之承諾
於受要約人之允諾作成，要約人之履行亦
已完成之時，得以允諾來作為該契約成立
之承諾。

§56. Acceptance By Promise; Necessity Of Notification To
Offeror
Except as stated in § 69 or where the offer manifests a contrary
intention, it is essential to an acceptance by promise either that the
offeree exercise reasonable diligence to notify the offeror of
acceptance or that the offeror receive the acceptance seasonably.
第56條因合意而為之承諾；通知要約
人之必要性
除第69條所述及或要約有相反意思表示
外，受要約人已盡合理努力去通知要約人
以承諾，或要約人適時的收到承諾，就因
合意而為之承諾而言係必要的。

§ 57. Effect Of Equivocal Acceptance
Where notification is essential to acceptance by promise, the offeror
is not bound by an acceptance in equivocal terms unless he
reasonably understands it as an acceptance.
第57條意義不明之承諾效果
若通知對以合意作成之承諾係必要的，則
要約人不受內容不明之承諾的拘束，但要
約人合理地了解其為承諾時，不在此限。

§58. Necessity Of Acceptance Complying With Terms Of
Offer
An acceptance must comply with the requirements of the offer as to
the promise to be made or the performance to be rendered.
第58條遵守要約內容承諾之必要
承諾應遵守有關作成合意或給付履行之要
約要件。

§ 59. Purported Acceptance Which Adds Qualifications
A reply to an offer which purports to accept it but is conditional on
the offeror's assent to terms additional to or different from those
offered is not an acceptance but is a counter-offer.
第59條附加條件之意圖承諾
對要約意圖接受之答復附有條件，且該條
件須經要約人之同意或與要約內容不符
者，並非承諾，而係反要約。

§ 60. Acceptance Of Offer Which States Place, Time Or
Manner Of Acceptance
If an offer prescribes the place, time or manner of acceptance its
terms in this respect must be complied with in order to create a
contract. If an offer merely suggests a permitted place, time or
manner of acceptance, another method of acceptance is not
precluded.
第60條對表明時地或承諾方式要約之承諾
若要約已表明時、地或承諾方式者，必須
遵守此等要件，契約始得成立。若要約僅
建議一項可以允許的時、地或承諾方式，
則並不排除他種承諾之方法。

§ 61. Acceptance Which Requests Change Of Terms
An acceptance which requests a change or addition to the terms of
the offer is not thereby invalidated unless the acceptance is made to
depend on an assent to the changed or added terms.
第61條要求改變內容之承諾
對要約內容要求易增之承諾，並不因而無
效，但該承諾係依其之同意所易增之內容
而為之者，不在此限。

§62. Effect Of Performance By Offeree Where Offer
Invites Either Performance Or Promise
(1) Where an offer invites an offeree to choose between acceptance
by promise and acceptance by performance, the tender or
beginning of the invited performance or a tender of a beginning
of it is an acceptance by performance.
(2) Such an acceptance operates as a promise to render complete
performance.
第62條對要求履行或為允諾之要約，
受要約人履行之效果
(1) 要約要求受要約人在以答應而為承諾
與以履行而為承諾間選擇者，就所被要
求之履行的提出或開始，或就履行開始
之提出，即係以履行而為承諾。
(2) 前項承諾係作為提出完全履行之意思
表示。

§ 63. Time When Acceptance Takes Effect
Unless the offer provides otherwise,
(a) an acceptance made in a manner and by a medium invited by
an offer is operative and completes the manifestation of
mutual assent as soon as put out of the offeree's possession,
without regard to whether it ever reaches the offeror
(b) an acceptance under an option contract is not operative until
received by the offeror.
第63條承諾之生效時間
除要約另有規定外，
(a) 依要約所定方式及所要求之工具而為
之承諾，一旦脫卻受要約人之控制而
表示出去，不論是否到達要約人，即
已生效並已完成相互間同意之意思表
示；但
(b) 在有選擇權之契約，於要約人收受
前，承諾並不生效。

§ 64. Acceptance By Telephone Or Teletype
Acceptance given by telephone or other medium of substantially
instantaneous two-way communication is governed by the principles
applicable to acceptances where the parties are in the presence of
each other.
第64條以電話或打字電報為承諾
以電話或其他之即時雙向溝通媒體所為之
承諾，適用關於當事人面對面所為承諾之
法則。

§ 65. Reasonableness Of Medium Of Acceptance
Unless circumstances known to the offeree indicate otherwise, a
medium of acceptance is reasonable if it is the one used by the
offeror or one customary in similar transactions at the time and place
the offer is received.
第65條承諾媒體之合理性
除受要約人所知曉之情況另有指明外，若
承諾之媒體已由要約人使用或於要約收受
之時、地係類似交易所慣用者，該承諾媒
體即係合理的。

§ 66. Acceptance Must Be Properly Dispatched
An acceptance sent by mail or otherwise from a distance is not
operative when dispatched, unless it is properly addressed and such
other precautions taken as are ordinarily observed to insure safe
transmission of similar messages.
第66條承諾應適當地發送
自遠方以信函等寄送之承諾，於發送時尚
未生效，但其已適當地填寫地址，且所採
之其他措施，一般都認為可確保類似信息
之安全傳達者，不在此限。

§67. Effect Of Receipt Of Acceptance Improperly
Dispatched
Where an acceptance is seasonably dispatched but the offeree uses
means of transmission not invited by the offer or fails to exercise
reasonable diligence to insure safe transmission, it is treated as
operative upon dispatch if received within the time in which a
properly dispatched acceptance would normally have arrived.
第67條收受不適當發送之承諾之效果
承諾雖係適時發送，但受要約人使用之傳
送方法不合要約規定，或未盡合理努力以
確保其之安全傳送。若可於適當發送之其
他承諾通常到達之時間內被收受，則其於
發送時即已生效。

§68. What Constitutes Receipt Of Revocation, Rejection,
Or Acceptance
A written revocation, rejection, or acceptance is received when the
writing comes into the possession of the person addressed, or of
some person authorized by him to receive it for him, or when it is
deposited in some place which he has authorized as the place for this
or similar communications to be deposited for him.
第68條要約撤回、拒絕或承諾收受要件
要約撤回、拒絕或承諾之書面收受，以該
書面送入受通知人或其指定代收人之持
有，或存放於受通知人指定之處所時為準。

§69. Acceptance By Silence Or Exercise Of Dominion
(1) Where an offeree fails to reply to an offer, his silence and
inaction operate as an acceptance in the following cases only
(a) Where an offeree takes the benefit of offered services with
reasonable opportunity to reject them and reason to know that
they were offered with the expectation of compensation.
(b) Where the offeror has stated or given the offeree reason to
understand that assent may be manifested by silence or
inaction, and the offeree in remaining silent and inactive
intends to accept the offer.
(c) Where because of previous dealings or otherwise, it is
reasonable that the offeree should notify the offeror if he does
not intend to accept.
(2) An offeree who does any act inconsistent with the offeror's
ownership of offered property is bound in accordance with the
offered terms unless they are manifestly unreasonable. But if the
act is wrongful as against the offeror it is an acceptance only if
ratified by him.
第69條因沉默或行使支配所為之承諾
(1) 受要約人為對要約人回答，其沉默及不
作為僅於下列情形始視為承諾：
(a) 受要約人在有相當機會拒絕之情形
下未為拒絕而受有勞務提供之利
益，且可得知悉該項勞務之提供係預
期賠償者。
(b) 要約人表明或使受要約人有理由了
解得以沉默或不作為表示同意，且受
約人依然保持沉默或不作為之本意
係在承諾要約。
(c) 由於已往之交易或其他情事，有理由
認受約人若無意承諾時應通知要約
人者。
(2) 受要約人之所為與要約人所提供財產
之所有權不一致時，須依要約內容而受
約束，除非該內容顯不合理。但其所為
因錯誤而不利要約人者，僅於要約人承
認時始為承諾。

§70. Effect Of Receipt By Offeror Of A Late Or Otherwise
Defective Acceptance
A late or otherwise defective acceptance may be effective as an offer
to the original offeror, but his silence operates as an acceptance in
such a case only as stated in § 69.
第70條要約人收受遲到或其他有暇疵
承諾之效果
遲到或其他有暇疵之承諾，視為對原要約
人之新要約，但沉默僅於符合第69條所定
之情形始得作為承諾。