Topic 4. Use Of Force To Take Possession Of Land
§ 88. General Principle
The use of force against another for the purpose of effecting an entry
upon land is not privileged unless
(a) all the conditions stated in §§ 89-94 exist, or
(b) the other knowingly causes the actor to believe that they exist.
第四節 使用力量以占有土地之免責特
殊權利
第88條 一般原則
以力量對抗他人而進入土地者，非有下列情
形之一者，不得主張免責之特殊權利：
(a) 第89條至第94條所規定之情況均存在；
或
(b) 他人故意而致行為人合理相信第89條至
第94條所規定之情況存在。
§ 89. How Possession Obtained By Other
The use of force against another for the purpose of effecting an entry
upon land is not privileged unless the other
(a) has tortuously dispossessed the actor or his predecessor in title
(i) without claim of right, or
(ii) under claim of right, but by the use of force against the actor, or
by duress, fraud, or a breaking into the premises, or
(b) has acquired its possession or custody from a third person who, as
the other knows or should know, has so dispossessed the actor, or
(c) has received its custody to hold for the actor.
第89條 他人占有土地之方式
以力量對抗他人而進入土地者，除非該他人
有下列規定情形之一，不得主張免責之特殊
權利：
(a) 他人非法剝奪行為人或行為人之前手之
土地占有，而
(i) 為主張其有合法權利；或
(ii) 雖主張其有合法權利，但以力量強迫
行為人，或以詐欺、脅迫或侵入土地
者；或
(b) 他人之占有或管領土地係從第三人轉移
而來，而該他人知悉或應知悉第三人係
非法剝奪行為人之土地占有；或
(c) 他人係為行為人而管領土地。
§ 90. Actor's Right To Possession Of Land
The use of force against another for the purpose of effecting an entry
upon land is not privileged unless the actor is entitled as against the
other to the immediate possession of the land.
第90條 行為人之占有土地之權利
行為人為進入土地而以力量對抗他人者，以
其具有對抗該他人之直接占有該土地之權
利，方得主張免責之特殊權利。
§ 91. Timeliness Of Re-Entry
The actor is not privileged to use force against another for the purpose
of effecting an entry upon land unless he acts promptly after his
dispossession or after his timely discovery of it.
第91條 土地經他人占有時，得於何時進
入
行為人為進入土地以力量對抗他人者，非於
占有受剝奪或及時發現其土地占有受剝奪
後，即時為之者，不得主張免責之特殊權
利。
§ 92. Necessity Of Demand
The use of force against another for the purpose of effecting an entry
upon land is not privileged unless the actor first requests the other to
give up the possession, except where the actor reasonably believes a
request to be useless, dangerous to himself or a third person, or likely
to defeat the effective exercise of the privilege.
第92條 請求放棄占有之必要性
行為人為回復占有而進入土地之目的，而以
力量對抗他人者，應先請求該他人放棄占
有，否則不得主張免責之特殊權利。但行為
人合理地相信此種放棄占有之請求無益、危
及自己或第三人，或可能致無法有效行使以
力量回復占有之特殊權利者，不在此限。
§ 93. Purpose Of Re-Entry
Force used against another in taking possession of land is not
privileged unless the force is used for the purpose of regaining
possession of the land or of effecting an entry upon it.
第93條 土地經他人占有而再進入之目
的
用力量對抗他人以占有土地者，僅以力量之
使用係為回復土地在占有或有效進入土地
為限，方得主張免責之特殊權利。
§ 94. Amount Of Force Permissible 第94條 得使用力量之程度
The use of force against another for the purpose of effecting an entry
upon land is not privileged unless the means employed are
(a) not in excess of those which the actor correctly or reasonably
believes to be necessary to effect the entry, and
(b) not intended or likely to cause death or serious bodily harm.
為有效進入土地而使用力量以對抗他人
者，其方式應符合下列二項之要求：
(a) 須未超過行為人正確地或合理地認為有
效進入土地之程度；並且
(b) 非故意或可能致人於死或重傷。
§ 95. Effect Of Excessive Force
If the means employed by the actor for the purpose of effecting a
forcible entry upon land are in excess of those which he is privileged
to use,
(a) the actor is liable for only so much of the means as are excessive;
(b) the other's liability for the original dispossession is not thereby
affected;
(c) the other has his normal privilege to defend himself against such
excessive force.
第95條 逾越必要力量之效力
行為人所使用之力量逾越其為有效進入土
地得施行之力量者，
(a) 行為人僅就其逾越部分負責；
(b) 他人之原非法剝奪行為人土地占有之責
任，並不因而受影響；
(c) 他人就行為人之逾越必要力量部分，得
主張自行防衛。
§ 96. Use Of Force After Re-Entry
The privilege to use force to regain possession of land is not enlarged
because the actor has entered peaceably without gaining possession,
or has gained possession of a part of the land.
第96條 經進入土地後之使用力量
行為人為回復土地占有而得使用力量之免
責特殊權利，不因行為人和平進入土地而未
回復土地占有，或僅回復土地占有之一部分
而擴大。
§ 97. Use Of Force After Regaining Possession Peaceably
An actor who without tortuous conduct has regained possession of
land of which he was dispossessed by another is privileged to use
reasonable force to exclude or expel the other as if there had been no
dispossession.
第97條 經和平回復土地占有後之使用
力量
行為人未經侵權行為方式而回復其被剝奪
占有之土地者，得以有如土地未經剝奪之占
有人而以合理力量拒卻或驅逐他人。
§ 98. Use Of Force After Regaining Possession Tortuously
An actor who has tortuously regained possession of land of which he
was tortuously dispossessed by another is not privileged to use force
against the other to maintain his possession or to exclude or expel the
other.
第98條 以侵權行為方式回復土地占有
後之使用力量
行為人就其受非法占有之土地，以侵權行為
方式回復其土地占有者，不得為維持其占有
或拒卻、驅逐他人而使用力量。
§ 99. Liability To Third Person
An act which is privileged for the purpose of taking possession of
land subjects the actor to liability to a third person for any harm
unintentionally done to him only if the actor realizes or should realize
that his act creates an unreasonable risk of causing such harm.
第99條 對第三人之責任
行為人為回復其土地占有而致第三人受非
故意所致之傷害者，僅於其知悉或應知其行
為將造成此種傷亡之不合理危險，方須負責。
Topic 5. Forcible Taking Of Chattels
§ 100. General Principle
The use of force against another for the sole purpose of retaking
possession of a chattel is privileged if
(a) all the conditions stated in §§ 101-106 exist, or
(b) the other knowingly causes the actor to believe that they exist.
第五節 以力量取回動產
第100條 一般原則
僅為取回動產而使用力量對抗他人者，於下
列情形之一者，得主張免責之特殊權利：
(a) 第101條至第106條所規定之情況均存
在；或
(b) 他人故意致行為人相信第101條至第106
條所規定之情況均存在。
§ 101. How Possession Obtained By Other
(1)The use of reasonable force against another for the purpose of
reception is privileged if the other
(a) has tortuously taken the chattel from the actor's possession
without claim of right, or under claim of right but by force or
other duress or fraud, or
(b) has otherwise tortuously taken the chattel from the actor's
possession and is about to remove it from the actor's premises,
or
(c) has received custody of the chattel from the actor and refuses
to surrender it or is about to remove it from the actor's
premises.
(2)The privilege stated in Subsection (1) also exists against
(a) another who knowingly causes the actor to believe that such
facts exist, or
(b) a transferee of the tortfeasor who knows or should know that
such facts exist.
第101條 他人取得動產占有之方式
(1)為取回動產而使用合理力量對抗他人
者，如該他人之占有動產有下列情形之
一者，行為人得主張免責之特殊權利：
(a) 他人非法剝奪行為人之動產占有而
未主張有合法之權利，或他人雖主張
有合法權利，但以力量、詐欺或脅迫
而取得動產之占有；或
(b) 他人以其他之非法方式剝奪行為人
就動產之占有，而即將該動產自行為
人之土地移出；或
(c) 他人雖從行為人合法取得動產之管
領，但拒絕返還，或即將動產自行為
人之土地移出。
(2)行為人於前項所規定之免責特殊權利，
對於下列之人，亦有其適用：
(a) 另外之他人故意致行為人相信有前
述之非法占有事業之存在；或
(b) 侵權行為人之受讓人而知悉或應知
前述之非法占有動產之事實存在。
§ 102. Actor's Right To Possession Of Chattel
The use of force against another for the purpose of reception is not
privileged unless the actor is entitled as against the other to the
immediate possession of the chattel.
第102條 行為人對於動產之占有之權利
為取回動產而以力量對抗他人者，須對該他
人有主張直接占有之權利，方得享有免責之
特殊權利。
§ 103. Timeliness Of Reception
The actor is not privileged to use force against another for the purpose
of reception unless he acts promptly after his dispossession or after his
timely discovery of it.
第103條 動產經他人占有時，得於何時
進入
行為人為取回動產而以力量對抗他人者，非
於其占有受剝奪或及時發現其動產占有受
剝奪後，即時為之者，不得主張免責之特殊
權利。
§ 104. Necessity Of Demand 第104條 請求放棄占有之必要性
The use of force against another for the purpose of reception is not
privileged unless the actor first requests the other to give up
possession of the chattel, except where the actor correctly or
reasonably believes a request to be useless, dangerous to himself or a
third person, or likely to defeat the effective exercise of the privilege.
行為人為取回動產而以力量對抗他人者，應
先請求該他人放棄對動產之占有，否則不得
主張免責之特殊權利。但行為人正確的或合
理地相信此種放棄占有之請求無益、危及自
己或第三人，或可能致無法行使以力量取回
動產之特殊權利者，不在此限。
§ 105. Purpose Of Actor
Force used against another in effecting a reception is not privileged
unless the force is used for the purpose of regaining possession of the
chattel.
第105條 行為人之目的
以力量對抗他人以取回動產者，僅以力量之
使用係為取回動產之目的為限，方得主張免
責之特殊權利。
§ 106. Amount Of Force Permissible
The use of force against another for the purpose of reception is not
privileged unless the means employed are
(a) not in excess of those which the actor correctly or reasonably
believes to be necessary to effect the reception, and
(b) not intended or likely to cause death or serious bodily harm.
第106條 得使用力量之程度
為取回動產而使用力量以對抗他人者，其方
式應符合下列二項之要求：
(a) 須未超過行為人正確地或合理地認為有
效取回動產之程度；並且
(b) 非故意或可能致人於死或重傷。
§ 107. Effect Of Excessive Force
If the means employed by the actor for the purpose of reception are in
excess of those which he is privileged to use,
(a) the actor is liable for only so much thereof as is excessive;
(b) the other's liability for the original taking of the chattel is not
thereby affected;
(c) the other has his normal privilege to defend himself against such
excessive force.
第107條 逾越必要力量之效力
行為人所使用之力量逾越為有效取回動產
得施行之力量者，
(a) 行為人僅就其逾越部分負責；
(b) 他人之原非法剝奪行為人之動產占有之
責任，並不因而受影響；
(c) 他人就行為人之逾越必要力量部分，得
主張自行防衛。
§ 108. Chattel Tortuously Withheld But Rightfully
Acquired
The use of force against another for the purpose of reception of a
chattel which the other is tortuously withholding from the actor is not
privileged if the other's possession was rightfully acquired.
第108條 他人合法取得動產占有，但非
法繼續占有
他人合法取得動產之占有，但非法繼續占有
該動產時，行為人為取回動產而行使力量對
抗他人者，不得主張免責之特殊權利。
§ 109. Defense Of Possession Acquired Peaceably Or
Otherwise
If an actor who is entitled to the possession of a chattel has regained it
from another, he is privileged to use reasonable force against the other
to retain it.
第109條 經和平或其他方式取回動產時
之防衛
行為人向另外之人取回原即具有占有權之
動產時，得使用合理力量以對抗他人之取回
該動產。
§ 110. Assisting Third Person In Reception Of Chattel 第110條 協助第三人以取回動產
The use of force against another for the purpose of assisting or acting
for a third person in reception of a chattel to the possession or custody
of which the third person is entitled.
(a) is not privileged if the third person is not himself privileged to
effect such a reception;
(b) is privileged if the third person is so privileged, and
(i) the third person employs or requests the actor so to assist or act
for him, or
(ii) the actor and the third person are members of the same
immediate family or household, or
(iii) the third person's chattel is under the protection of the actor.
為協助第三人或為第三人取回第三人對之
具有占有權或管轄權之動產，而使用力量對
抗他人時，
(a) 如該第三人自己不得享有以力量對抗他
人以取回該動產之免責特殊權利時，行
為人亦不得享有免責之特殊權利；
(b) 如第三人得享受免責之特殊權利，而符
合下列規定之一者，行為人亦得主張免
責之特殊權利：
(i) 該第三人僱用或請求行為人如此協助
或代理他；或
(ii) 行為人與該第三人為親近親屬或家
屬；或
(iii) 該第三人之動作係於行為人之保護之
下。
§ 111. Liability To Third Person
An act which is privileged for the purpose of reception of a chattel
subjects the actor to liability to a third person for any harm
unintentionally done to him only if the actor realizes or should realize
that his act creates an unreasonable risk of causing such harm.
第111條 對第三人之責任
行為人為取回動產而致第三人受非故意所
致之傷害者，僅於其知悉或應知其行為將造
成此種傷害之不合理危險，方須負責。
Chapter 5. Arrest And Prevention Of Crime
Topic 1. Arrest
Title A. Definitions
§ 112. Arrest
An arrest is the taking of another into the custody of the actor for the
actual or purported purpose of bringing the other before a court, or of
otherwise securing the the administration of the law.
第五章 逮捕與犯罪之防止
第一節 逮捕
第一款 定義
第112條 逮捕
逮捕者，行為人為實際或宣稱之移送法院或
為其他法律行政之目的，而將他人拘留。
§ 113. Warrant
A warrant is a written order directing the arrest of a person or persons,
issued by a court, body, or official having authority to issue warrants.
第113條 逮捕令
逮捕令者，由有權限簽發之法院、組織或公
務員作成之指示逮捕之書面命令。
§ 114. Peace Officer
A peace officer is a person designated by public authority, whose duty
it is to keep the peace and arrest persons guilty or suspected of crime.
第114條 和平公務員
和平公務員者，係由公權力所任命之人；其
職責為維持和平、逮捕犯罪人或嫌疑犯。
§ 115. Felony 第115條 重罪
A felony is a crime which is declared to be so by the statutory or
common law of the jurisdiction.
重罪者，係指由成文法院或普通法法院宣稱
其為「重犯罪」之犯罪。
§ 116. Breach Of Peace
A breach of the peace is a public offense done by violence, or one
causing or likely to cause an immediate disturbance of public order.
第116條 破壞和平
破壞和平者，係指以暴力實施之公共侵犯，
或導致、可能導致破壞公共秩序之當前騷
亂。
§ 117. Use Of Force
The words “use of force” are used to describe conduct which invades
any of another's interests of personality and thus is, unless privileged,
a “battery,” “assault,” or “false imprisonment.”
第117條 使用力量
「使用力量」，係用以描述侵害他人利益之
任何侵犯，如不符合免責特殊權利規定，即
為毆擊、恫嚇或非法拘禁之行為。
Title B. Conditions Of The Privilege
Subtitle I. In General
§ 118. General Principle
The use of force against another for the purpose of effecting his arrest
and the arrest thereby effected are privileged if all the conditions
stated in §§ 119-132, in so far as they are applicable, exist.
第二款 免責特殊權利條件
第一目 一般規定
第118條 一般原則
為有效逮捕他人而使用力量，其有效逮捕他
人之使用力量，如第119條至第132條得適用
之規定條件符合時，得享有免責之特殊權
利。
§ 119. Arrest Without Warrant By Private Person For
Criminal Offense
Subject to the rules stated in §§ 127-136, a private person is privileged
to arrest another without a warrant for a criminal offense
(a) if the other has committed the felony for which he is arrested, or
(b) if an act or omission constituting a felony has been committed and
the actor reasonably suspects that the other has committed such act
or omission, or
(c) if the other, in the presence of the actor, is committing a breach of
the peace or, having so committed a breach of the peace, he is
reasonably believed by the actor to be about to renew it, or
(d) if the other has attempted to commit a felony in the actor's
presence and the arrest is made at once or upon fresh pursuit, or
(e) if the other knowingly causes the actor to believe that facts exist
which would create in him a privilege to arrest under the statement
in Clauses (a) to (d).
第119條 私人未備逮捕令而逮捕犯罪嫌
疑人
除第127條至第136條另有規定外，私人於符
合下列條件，得未備逮捕令而就犯罪之逮捕
免負責任：
(a) 如他人犯重罪而為行為人逮捕；或
(b) 構成重罪之作為或不作為已完成，行為
人合理地懷疑他人犯此作為或不作為而
逮捕；或
(c) 他人於行為人之前作破壞和平之行為，
或破壞和平之行為已發生，但行為人合
理地懷疑破壞和平之行為將再次發生，
而將之逮捕；或
(d) 如他人於行為人之前企圖犯重罪之際為
行為人逮捕，或緊追之際將之逮捕；或
(e) 他人故意致行為人相信其得因前四項規
定之事實之存在而將之逮捕。
§ 120. Civil Arrest By Private Person Without Warrant 第120條 私人依法院命令，未備逮捕令
而逮捕他人
Subject to the conditions stated in §§ 127-132, a private person is
privileged to arrest another without a warrant
(a) upon the oral order of a court, acting within its jurisdiction, for a
crime or contempt committed, or alleged by the court to have been
committed, in its presence, or
(b) if bail has been given for the appearance of the other before a
court body or official and the arrest is made by the one giving bail
or by someone on his order, or if the other has been made subject
to the custody of the actor by judgment, decree, or order of a court,
body, or official, or
(c) if the other is mentally incompetent and the actor reasonably
suspects that the other is about to commit an act likely to cause
death or serious bodily harm to himself, to the actor, or to some
other person, or serious harm to land or chattels, and the arrest is
made for the purpose of securing the commitment of the other.
除第127條至第132條所規定之條件外，私人
於下列情況得未備逮捕令而逮捕他人：
(a) 法院依其管轄權以口頭命令該私人就犯
罪或藐視法庭罪而逮捕他人，或法院認
為他人於其前曾犯罪之他人而向該私人
以口頭命令其逮捕；或
(b) 他人曾受命令提供擔保於法院或公務員
有命令時應於其前出現，而私人因下令
提供擔保之人或其授權之人之命令而將
該他人逮捕；或依法院判決、裁判、命
令或公務員之命令而由私人將他人逮捕
拘禁；或
(c) 如他人之精神不健全，行為人合理地懷
疑該他人將實施致自己、行為人(私人)
或其他人致死或重傷、或致土地、動產
重大傷害，為制止他人之行為而作之逮
捕。
§ 120A. Temporary Detention For Investigation
One who reasonably believes that another has tortuously taken a
chattel upon his premises, or has failed to make due cash payment for
a chattel purchased or services rendered there, is privileged, without
arresting the other, to detain him on the premises for the time
necessary for a reasonable investigation of the facts.
第120A條 為調查而作之暫時性拘留
合理地相信他人於其不動產上非法取得動
產，或怠於就擬購買之物品或提供之服務支
付金額時，得不逮捕他人而暫時將該他人拘
留於其不動產之上；其拘留期間以作合理調
查事實所必要之時間為限。
§ 121. Arrest By Peace Officer Without Warrant
Subject to the rules stated in §§ 127-132, a peace officer acting within
the limits of his appointment is privileged to arrest another without a
warrant.
(a) under any of the conditions which under the rules stated in §§ 119
and 120 give to a private person the privilege to arrest without a
warrant, or
(b) if, although no act or omission constituting a felony has been
committed, the officer reasonably suspects that such an act or
omission has been committed and that the other has committed it,
or
(c) if an affray is being or has been committed in the officer's
presence, and he reasonably suspects that the other is or has been
participating in it, and the arrest is made at once or on fresh
pursuit.
第121條 和平公務員未備逮捕令而實施
逮捕
除第127條至第132條所規定者外，和平公務
員於其受任命之權限範圍內，具有未備逮捕
令而逮捕他人之免責特殊權利：
(a) 第119條及第120條所規定之私人得未備
逮捕令而逮捕他人者，於和平公務員亦
準用之；或
(b) 縱然重罪未曾發生，公務員合理地懷疑
重罪之作為或不作為曾發生，並合理地
懷疑該他人作重罪之作為或不作為，而
將之逮捕。
(c) 爭端正在或已於和平公務員之前發生，
公務員合理地懷疑該他人正參與或曾參
與爭端，而公務員之逮捕該他人係於爭
端之際，或其後之急追之際所實施者。
Subtitle II. Arrest Under Warrant
§ 122. Arrest Under Warrant Valid Or Fair On Its Face
第二目 依逮捕令而逮捕
第122條 依據有效或其表面顯示有效之
逮捕令而逮捕
Subject to the rules stated in §§ 127-132, the actor is privileged to
arrest another under a warrant if such warrant is either valid or fair on
its face.
除第127條至第132條規定外，行為人依據有
效或其表面顯示有效之逮捕令而逮捕者，享
有免責之特殊權利。
§ 123. What Constitutes Valid Warrant
A warrant is valid if
(a) it is regular in form, and
(b) it is issued by a court, body, or official
(i) having authority to issue the warrant for the conduct for which
it is issued and which is described therein, and
(ii) having jurisdiction over the person sufficiently named or
otherwise described therein, and
(c) all proceedings required for the proper issuance of such a warrant
have duly taken place.
第123條 有效逮捕令之意義
逮捕令有效者，係指符合下列要件：
(a) 符合一般逮捕令之方式；並且
(b) 由法院、機構、公務員之符合下列規定
而簽發：
(i) 就特定行為具有簽發逮捕令之權，且
於逮捕令記載得逮捕之行為；並且
(ii) 對於逮捕令所記載之逮捕對象或於逮
捕令內描述之人，具有管轄權；並且
(c) 簽發逮捕令應遵守之程序，經適當地遵
守。
§ 124. What Constitutes Warrant Fair On Its Face
A warrant fair on its face is a warrant which, although regular in form,
differs from a valid warrant in one or more of the following
particulars:
(a) the court, body, or official issuing the warrant has not authority to
issue the warrant for the conduct for which it is issued, but has
authority to issue a warrant for the conduct therein described as
that for which it is issued, or for conduct of the same general
character as that so described; or
(b) the court, body, or official issuing the warrant has not jurisdiction
over the person sufficiently named or otherwise described therein,
but the facts stated in the warrant, without more, are such as, if
they existed, would confer jurisdiction; or
(c) one or more of the proceedings required for the proper issuance of
the warrant have not duly taken place, but nothing appears in the
warrant to indicate it.
第124條 表面顯示為有效之逮捕令之意
義
逮捕令於其表面顯示有效者，係指其於方式
上雖與一般逮捕令相同，但與有效之逮捕
令，卻有下列事項中之一項或多項之不同：
(a) 簽發逮捕令之法院、機構或公務員對於
逮捕令內所記載之行為，並未經授權簽
發，但就該逮捕令內所記載之行為或與
其記載之行為有同樣性質之行為，具有
依法簽發之權限；或
(b) 簽發逮捕令之法院、機構或公務員就逮
獲令所記載之逮捕對象之姓名或描述之
人，並無管轄權，但僅就逮捕令內所描
述之事實而未參考其他事項，卻也應推
論為簽發逮捕令者具有管轄權；或
(c) 前述之簽發逮捕令之程序未經適當遵
守，但於逮捕令並未顯示簽發程序之未
經適當遵守。
§ 125. Name Or Description Of Person Arrested Under
Warrant
An arrest under a warrant is not privileged unless the person arrested
(a) is a person sufficiently named or otherwise described in the
warrant and is, or is reasonably believed by the actor to be, the
person intended, or
(b) although not such person, has knowingly caused the actor to
believe him to be so.
第125條 逮捕令之逮捕對象之姓名或描
述
依逮捕令而逮捕他人者，受逮捕之人須為
(a) 於逮捕令內作充分的記載其姓名或描述
之人；或
(b) 雖非合於前款規定之人，卻因被逮捕者
之故意致實施逮捕者相信其為符合前項
規定之人而逮捕之者。
§ 126. Actor's Possession Of Warrant 第126條 實施逮捕者應持有逮捕令
An arrest under a warrant is not privileged unless the actor has
possession of the warrant at the time of the arrest.
實施逮捕者，於實施逮捕時，應持有逮捕
令，方得享有免責之特殊權利。
Subtitle III. Conditions Applicable Where Arrest Is Either
With Or Without Warrant
§ 127. Purpose Of Actor
The arrest of another is not privileged unless the actor makes the
arrest for the purpose of bringing the other before a court, body, or
official or otherwise securing the administration of the law.
第三目 具備或未具備逮捕令而逮捕之
條件
第127條 實施逮捕者之目的
實施逮捕者如非將被逮捕者送往法院、機
構、公務員或為確保法律行政之其他機關或
個人者，不得享有免責之特殊權利。
§ 128. Actor's Manifestation Of His Intention
(1)Except as stated in Subsection (2), the arrest of another is not
privileged unless the actor manifests to the other his intention to
arrest him and
(a) if the arrest is without a warrant, the offense or other conduct
for which the arrest is made, unless the other, knowing the
actor to be a peace officer, does not request such information;
(b) if the arrest is under a warrant, his possession of the warrant
and the offense or conduct charged in it.
(2)None of the manifestations stated in Subsection (1) is required if
the making thereof is reasonably believed by the actor to be
(a) dangerous to the actor or a third person, or
(b) likely to frustrate the arrest, or
(c) useless or unnecessary.
第128條 實施逮捕者之明白顯示其意思
(1)除本條第2項規定外，實施逮捕之人如未
向被逮捕者顯示其逮捕意思，並符合下
列要件者，不得享有免責之特殊權利：
(a) 未備逮捕令而逮捕時，其逮捕之犯罪
行為或其他行為應向被逮捕者說
明，但被逮捕者知悉實施逮捕者為和
平公務員而未請求其說明者，不在此
限；
(b) 該逮捕係依據逮捕令時，應向被逮捕
者說明其具有逮捕令及逮捕令內對
其所控訴之犯罪行為或其他行為。
(2)前項之明白顯示或說明，如實施逮捕者
合理地相信可能有下列情事之一者，得
不為之：
(a) 將導致實施逮捕之人或第三人受危
害；或
(b) 將使逮捕困難、受挫折；或
(c) 其顯示或說明無用或不必要。
§ 129. Place Of Arrest
The actor is not privileged to arrest another
(a) if the arrest is made under a warrant, unless it is made within the
territory within which the court, body, or official issuing the
warrant has authority to order the arrest;
(b) if the arrest, not being a recapture, is made upon civil process and
is made in the dwelling place of the other into which the actor has
entered by breaking.
第129條 逮捕之處所
實施逮捕者，於下列情形不得享有免責之特
殊權利：
(a) 如依逮捕令而逮捕者，除非逮捕係於簽
發逮捕令之法院、機構或公務員之管轄
區域內所為之逮捕，否則不得享有免責
之特殊權利；
(b) 在非脫逃而再逮捕之情形，逮捕係依民
事程序於被逮捕者之居住處所實施，但
逮捕係侵入而實施者，不得享有免責之
特殊權利。
§ 130. Time Of Arrest 第130條 逮捕之時間
The actor, if otherwise privileged to arrest another, may arrest him at
any time unless the arrest is made
(a) under a warrant which has expired by lapse of time, or
(b) at an unreasonable time, either upon civil process or for a
misdemeanor not involving a breach of the peace, or
(c) on Sunday or at night upon civil process, except where the process
so authorizes.
實施逮捕之人於符合逮捕之要件者，得於任
何時間逮捕之，但不得於下列時期為之：
(a) 逮捕令所載之逮捕期限已屆至；
(b) 依民事程序而實施逮捕或非破壞和平之
輕微罪行之逮捕，而於不合理之時間實
施；
(c) 依民事程序而於星期日或夜間逮捕。但
其逮捕程序經特別授權者，不在此限。
§ 131. Use Of Force Intended Or Likely To Cause Death
The actor's use of force against another, for the purpose of effecting a
privileged arrest of the other, by means intended or likely to cause
death is privileged if
(a) the arrest is made under a warrant which charges the person
named in it with the commission of treason or a felony, or if the
arrest is made without a warrant for treason or for a felony which
has been committed, and
(b) the other is the person named in the warrant if the arrest is under a
warrant, or the actor reasonably believes the offense was
committed by the other if the arrest is made without a warrant, and
(c) the actor reasonably believes that the arrest cannot otherwise be
effected.
第131條 意圖致人於死或重傷或可能致
人於死或重傷而使用力量
行為人為有效實施逮捕他人而以意圖致他
人於死或重傷，或可能致他人於死之力量實
施者，於符合下列條件時，享有免責之特殊
權利：
(a) 逮捕係依逮捕令而逮捕令記載被逮捕者
犯叛亂罪或重罪，如未備逮捕令而實施
逮捕者，有一叛亂罪行或重罪罪行已被
實行；並且
(b) 逮捕係依逮捕令而實施，被逮捕者為逮
捕令所載之應逮捕對象，如逮捕未依逮
捕令而實施者，行為人(實施逮捕者)合理
地相信犯罪行為係由被逮捕之人所為；
並且
(c) 行為人合理地相信如非以致人於死或重
傷，或可能致人於死或重傷之力量，無
法有效實施逮捕。
§ 132. Amount Of Force
The use of force against another for the purpose of effecting the arrest
or recapture of the other, or of maintaining the actor's custody of him,
is not privileged if the means employed are in excess of those which
the actor reasonably believes to be necessary.
第132條 使用力量之程度
為有效實施逮捕、再逮捕脫逃犯或維持對被
逮捕者之拘押，如其所使用之力量逾越行為
人合理地認為必要程度時，不得享有免責之
特殊權利。
§ 133. Effect Of Excessive Force
If the means employed by the actor for the purpose of effecting the
arrest or recapture of another, or of maintaining the actor's custody of
him, are in excess of those which he is privileged to use,
(a) the actor is liable for only so much of the force as is excessive;
(b) the other's liability for the use of any unprivileged force against
the actor is not thereby affected;
(c) the other has the privilege stated in §§ 63-75 to defend himself
against such excessive force.
第133條 逾越必要力量之效力
為有效實施逮捕、再逮捕脫逃犯或維持對被
逮捕者之拘押，其所使用之力量逾越得免責
之程度者，
(a) 行為人(實施逮捕者)僅就逾越之部分負
責；
(b) 被逮捕之人使用不得免責之力量對抗行
為人之責任，並不因而受到影響；
(c) 被逮捕之人對於行為人之逾越使用力量
部分，得依第63條至第67條之規定，行
使自行防衛權。
§ 134. Maintenance Of Custody Lawfully Taken
If the actor is privileged to take the custody of another, he is
privileged, if necessary,
(a) to use, for the purpose of maintaining his custody, such force
against the other or a third person as he would be privileged to use
to effect the other's arrest, and
(b) to use, for the purpose of bringing the other before a court, body,
or official, or otherwise securing the administration of the law,
such force against the other or a third person, less than force
intended or likely to cause death or serious bodily harm, as he
would be privileged to use to effect the other's arrest.
第134條 合法拘押他人之維持
行為人致他人受拘押而享有免責之特殊權
利者，行為人於必要時，得作下列之行為而
享有免責之特殊權利：
(a) 為維持其對他人之拘押，使用有效逮捕
他人所得使用之力量，以對付該他人或
第三人；並且
(b) 為押解受拘押之人至法院、機構、公務
員或其他法律行政之機關，行為人得以
有效實施逮捕之力量為之，但不得以故
意或可能致他人於死之力量為之。
§ 135. Re-Arrest
(1)Except as stated in Subsection (2), the use of force against another
for the purpose of effecting the recapture of the other, who, having
been lawfully arrested, has escaped or been rescued, is privileged
under the same conditions as create the privilege to use force for
the purpose of effecting his arrest.
(2)If the other has escaped or been rescued from an arrest under civil
process, the actor is privileged, upon prompt pursuit, to arrest him
in his dwelling place, even if the actor's entry therein has been
gained by breaking, although the actor would not be privileged so
to make an original arrest under civil process.
第135條 再逮捕
(1)除本條第2項規定外，為有效實施對於合
法逮捕之人脫逃或受協助而脫逃之逮
捕，行為人得使用對於該脫逃之人再逮
捕時，行為人所得使用之力量。
(2)他人係依民事程序受逮捕而脫逃或受協
助而脫逃者，行為人於行使緊急追捕
時，亦得於脫逃之人之居住處所以侵入
方式而進入、逮捕；縱然行為人於依原
民事程序而逮捕時，不得於受逮捕之人
之居住處所以侵入方式而進入、逮捕。
§ 136. Misconduct Subsequent To Arrest
Any subsequent misconduct of one who has taken custody of another
by a privileged arrest makes him subject to liability to the other only
for such harm as is caused by such misconduct, and does not make
him liable for the arrest, or for detention prior to the misconduct.
第136條 逮捕後之不當行為
行為人合法逮捕他人並將之拘押，僅就其不
當行為致他人受傷害者負責；對於其逮捕或
不當行為之前之拘押，不負責任。
Subtitle IV. Harm To Third Persons
§ 137. Harm To Innocent Third Persons
Liability for the invasion of any of another's interests of personality,
by the exercise of the privilege of effecting the arrest or recapture, or
of maintaining custody of a third person, is determined by the rules
stated in §§ 74 and 75.
第四目 對第三人之傷害
第137條 對無辜第三人之傷害
為有效實施逮捕、再逮捕脫逃犯或維持對於
他人之拘押，以致侵犯第三人之人身利益
時，行為人之責任依第74條及第75條之規
定。
§ 138. Privilege Against Third Person Impeding Lawful
Arrest
Where another by his conduct knowingly causes the actor reasonably
to believe that he is intentionally impeding the privileged arrest or
recapture of a third person, or is attempting his rescue or assisting him
第138條 對第三人阻礙合法逮捕之免責
特殊權利
第三人之行為使行為人合理地相信其故意
阻礙逮捕或再逮捕他人，或意圖釋放或協助
他人之脫逃或拒捕時，行為人得有如該他人
in resisting arrest or escaping there from, the actor is privileged to use
such force against the other as he would be privileged to use against
the third person if he resisted or attempted to escape.
之拒捕或企圖脫逃而使用力量。
Subtitle V. Assisting Third Person To Make Arrest
§ 139. When Third Person Privileged
(1)The actor is privileged to use force against another for the purpose
of assisting a third person to make or maintain an arrest or
re-arrest if the third person is himself privileged to make the arrest.
(2)The actor is not privileged to use force against another for the
purpose of assisting a third person to make an arrest which the
third person is not himself privileged to make, unless the actor is
assisting a peace officer at the officer's request in making the
arrest for a criminal offense and the actor is not convinced that the
officer is not privileged to make it.
第五目 協助第三人實施逮捕
第139條 第三人有逮捕權時
(1)第三人有逮捕權時，行為人為協助逮
捕、再逮捕或維持逮捕後對他人之拘
押，得行使力量而享有免責之特殊權利。
(2)第三人無逮捕權時，行為人為協助逮捕
而使用力量者，不得享有免責之特殊權
利。但行為人因和平公務員之請求其協
助逮捕而行為人無理由相信該公務員無
逮捕權者，不在此限。
Topic 2. Privilege To Use Force Or Impose Restraint For
The Purpose Of Preventing The Commission Of Crime
§ 140. Minor Misdemeanor
In the absence of legislative authority, neither a peace officer nor a
private person is privileged to use force against or impose
confinement upon another for the purpose of preventing the violation
of a statute or a municipal ordinance or a continuance or commission
of a misdemeanor other than an affray or other equally serious breach
of the peace.
第二節 為防止犯罪行為而行使力量或
實施拘束
第140條 輕微之輕罪
無成文法特別規定時，和平公務員或私人不
得為預防成文法或市自治法之被違反或為
預防械鬥、互毆或其他嚴重違反和平以外之
其他不法輕犯罪行為，而以力量加諸他人，
或將之拘禁。
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