關於愛，我是個小學生。

Chapter 37A. Interference With Other Forms Of Advantageous Economic Relations

§ 774B. Intentional Interference With Inheritance Or Gift

One who by fraud, duress or other tortious means intentionally

prevents another from receiving from a third person an inheritance or

gift that he would otherwise have received is subject to liability to the

other for loss of the inheritance or gift.

第三十七A章 就其它方式之優越經濟

利益關係之干擾

第774B條 繼承或贈與之故意干擾

以詐欺、脅迫或其他侵權行為方式，故意阻

礙他人從第三人取得原可取得之繼承或贈

與，就該他人之繼承或贈與所致之損失，應

負責任。

Chapter 38. Labor Disputes 第三十八章 勞資爭端

【本章刪除，包括第775條至地816條均刪

除；參閱第九篇之引言】

Division 10. Invasions Of Interests In Land Other Than By

Trespass

Chapter 39. Interests In The Support Of Land

Topic 1. Withdrawing Lateral Support

§ 817. Withdrawing Naturally Necessary Lateral Support

(1) One who withdraws the naturally necessary lateral support of land

in another's possession or support that has been substituted for the

naturally necessary support, is subject to liability for a subsidence

of the land of the other that was naturally dependent upon the

support withdrawn.

(2) One who is liable under the rule stated in Subsection (1) is also

liable for harm to artificial additions resulting from the subsidence.

第拾編 以故意過失侵入土地以外之其

它方式侵犯土地利益

第三十九章 支撐土地之利益

第一節 側面支撐之撤除

第817條 自然必要之側面支撐之撤除

(1) 就他人占有之土地之自然必要之側面支

撐加以撤除，或就該土地之自然必要之

側面支撐加以撤除，行為人應就自然仰

賴該被撤除支撐之他人土地之下陷，負

責任。

(2) 依前項規定應負責任之人，因該下限而

致人為添加物之受傷害，亦應負責。

§ 818. Withdrawing Subterranean Substances

One who is privileged to withdraw subterranean water, oil, minerals

or other substances from under the land of another is not for that

reason privileged to cause a subsidence of the other's land by the

withdrawal.

第818條 地面下物質之撤銷

撤除他人土地之下層之地下水、石油、礦產

會其他物質而享有免責之特殊權利之人，並

不因而享有致他人知土地因該撤除而下陷

之免責特殊權利。

§ 819. Negligent Withdrawal Of Lateral Support

One who negligently withdraws lateral support of land in another's

possession, or of artificial additions to it, is subject to liability for

harm resulting to the other's land and to the artificial additions on it.

第819條 側面支撐之過失撤除

就他人占有之土地之側面之過失撤除，或該

土地之人為添加物之側面支撐之過失撤

除，行為人應就致他人土地或土地之人為添

加物所受之傷害，負責任。

Topic 2. Withdrawing Subjacent Support

§ 820. Withdrawing Naturally Necessary Subjacent Support

(1) One who withdraws the naturally necessary subjacent support of

land in another's possession or the support that has been

substituted for the naturally necessary support is subject to liability

for a subsidence of the land of the other that was naturally

dependent upon the support withdrawn.

(2) One who is liable under the rule stated in Subsection (1) is also

liable for harm to artificial additions that results from the

subsidence.

第二節 地下支撐之撤除

第820條 自然必要之地下支撐之撤除

(1) 就他人占有之土地之自然必要之側面支

撐加以撤除，或就該土地之自然必要之

側面支撐加以撤除，行為人應就自然仰

賴該被撤除支撐之他人土地之下陷，負

責任。

(2) 依前項規定應負責任之人，因該下限而

致人為添加物之受傷害，亦應負責。

§ 821. Negligent Withdrawal Of Subjacent Support

One who negligently withdraws subjacent support of land in another's

possession or of artificial additions on it is subject to liability for harm

resulting to the other's land and to the artificial additions on it.

第821條 地下支撐之撤除

就他人占有之土地之側面之過失撤除，或該

土地之人為添加物之側面支撐之過失撤

除，行為人應就致他人土地或土地之人為添

加物所受之傷害，負責任。

Chapter 40. Nuisance

Topic 1. Types Of Nuisance

§ 821A. Types Of Nuisance

In this Restatement “nuisance” is used to denote either

(a) a public nuisance as defined in § 821B, or

(b) a private nuisance as defined in § 821D.

第四十章 惱神思

第一節 惱神思之類型

第821A條 惱神思之類型

於本整編中，「惱神思」係指

(a) 第821B條所規定之「公共惱神思」；或

(b) 第821D條所規定之「私人惱神思」。

§ 821B. Public Nuisance

(1) A public nuisance is an unreasonable interference with a right

common to the general public.

(2) Circumstances that may sustain a holding that an interference with

a public right is unreasonable include the following:

(a) Whether the conduct involves a significant interference with

the public health, the public safety, the public peace, the

public comfort or the public convenience, or

(b) whether the conduct is proscribed by a statute, ordinance or

administrative regulation, or

(c) (c) whether the conduct is of a continuing nature or has

produced a permanent or long-lasting effect, and, as the actor

knows or has reason to know, has a significant effect upon

the public right.

第821B條 公共惱神思

(1) 「公共惱神思」係指，對一般大眾共有

權利之不合理干擾。

(2) 得否主張係不合理干擾公共權利之情

形，包括下列各項：

(a) 行為是否牽涉對公共健康、公共安

全、公共和平、公共舒適或公共便

利之重大干預；或

(b) 行為是否為成文法、命令或行政規

章所禁止；或

(c) 行為是否具有持續性或產生永久或

持續長久之效力，且行為人是否知

悉或有理由知悉其行為對於公共權

力有重大之效力。

§ 821C. Who Can Recover For Public Nuisance 第821C條 何人得就公共惱神思請求賠

(1) In order to recover damages in an individual action for a public

nuisance, one must have suffered harm of a kind different from

that suffered by other members of the public exercising the right

common to the general public that was the subject of interference.

(2) In order to maintain a proceeding to enjoin to abate a public

nuisance, one must

(a) have the right to recover damages, as indicated in Subsection

(1), or

(b) have authority as a public official or public agency to

represent the state or a political subdivision in the matter, or

(c) have standing to sue as a representative of the general public,

as a citizen in a citizen's action or as a member of a class in a

class action.

償

(1) 就公共惱神思而提起請求賠償之個人訴

訟，原告所受之傷害，必須與一般大眾

所行使之公共權力而受干預所致之傷害

不同。

(2) 為禁止或消除公共惱神思而進行訴訟，

原告必須

(a) 具有請求賠償之權利，如前項之規

定；或

(b) 具有代表州或有關事項之政治機構

之行政機關或公務員之權限；或

(c) 具有一般大眾之代表而有提起訴訟

之訴訟主體之適位，例如為人民訴訟

之人民或類級訴訟之該類級之組成

分子。

§ 821D. Private Nuisance

A private nuisance is a nontrespassory invasion of another's interest in

the private use and enjoyment of land.

第821D條 私人惱神思

「私人惱神思」係指，非以非法侵入他人土

地之方式，而對他人私有土地之使用、享受

利益之侵犯。

§ 821E. Who Can Recover For Private Nuisance

For a private nuisance there is liability only to those who have

property rights and privileges in respect to the use and enjoyment of

the land affected, including

(a) possessors of the land,

(b) owners of easements and profits in the land, and

(c) owners of nonpossessory estates in the land that are detrimentally

affected by interferences with its use and enjoyment.

第821E條 何人得就私人惱神思請求賠

償

何人得就私人惱神思應負責任之對象為，就

受影響之使用、享受之土地有財產權或免責

特殊權力之人，包括下列之人：

(a) 土地之占有人；

(b) 土地之地役權利人或利益享受之權利

人；

(c) 未占有土地之權利他人而其就土地之使

用、享受受干擾者。

§ 821F. Significant Harm

There is liability for a nuisance only to those to whom it causes

significant harm, of a kind that would be suffered by a normal person

in the community or by property in normal condition and used for a

normal purpose.

第821F條 重大傷害

就惱神思應負責之對象為，惱神思致受重大

傷害之人；惟該人所受之傷害須為社會之通

常人所受之傷害，或其財產於正常情況，且

為通常目的之使用而受傷害。

Topic 2. Private Nuisance: Elements Of Liability

§ 822. General Rule

One is subject to liability for a private nuisance if, but only if, his

conduct is a legal cause of an invasion of another's interest in the

private use and enjoyment of land, and the invasion is either

第二節 私人惱神思－責任之要素

第822條 一般原則

就私人惱神思須負責任者，須於，但也僅限

於，其行為係侵犯他人土地之使用、享受利

益之法律原因；而且其侵犯為

(a) intentional and unreasonable, or

(b) unintentional and otherwise actionable under the rules controlling

liability for negligent or reckless conduct, or for abnormally

dangerous conditions or activities.

(a) 故意、且無正當理由；或

(b) 雖非故意，但就過失、魯莽棄置不顧行

為或不尋常危險之情況或活動，依有關

規定，其行為得被提起訴訟。

§ 823. Persons Who Can Maintain An Action

[The Section is omitted. The matter is now covered by § 821E.]

第833條 得提起訴訟之人

【本條刪除；有關事項規定於第821E 條】

§ 824. Type Of Conduct Essential To Liability

The conduct necessary to make the actor liable for either a public or a

private nuisance may consist of

(a) an act; or

(b) a failure to act under circumstances in which the actor is under a

duty to take positive action to prevent or abate the interference

with the public interest or the invasion of the private interest.

第824條 與責任有重大關係之行為之態

樣

行為人就公共惱神思或私人惱神思應負責

任之行為，包括

(a) 作為；或

(b) 行為人依法有責任積極作為以禁止或消

除對公共利益之干擾或對私人利益之侵

犯，而怠於作為。

§ 825. Intentional Invasion—What Constitutes

An invasion of another's interest in the use and enjoyment of land or

an interference with the public right, is intentional if the actor

(a) acts for the purpose of causing it, or

(b) knows that it is resulting or is substantially certain to result from

his conduct.

第825條 故意侵犯－如何構成

他人土地之使用、享受之侵犯或公共權利之

干擾，行為人如符合下列規定之一，其行為

即為故意行為：

(a) 其行為係為致他人土地之使用享受受侵

犯，或公共權利受干擾之目的而為之；

或

(b) (行為人)知悉其行為將致他人土地之使

用、享受受侵犯，或公共權利受干擾，

或實質上大致確定其行為將致他人土地

之使用享受受侵犯，或公共權利受干擾。

§ 826. Unreasonableness Of Intentional Invasion

An intentional invasion of another's interest in the use and enjoyment

of land is unreasonable if

(a) the gravity of the harm outweighs the utility of the actor's conduct,

or

(b) the harm caused by the conduct is serious and the financial burden

of compensating for this and similar harm to others would not

make the continuation of the conduct not feasible.

第826條 故意侵犯之無正當理由

故意侵犯他人之土地之使用、享用，如符合

下列規定之一，即無正當理由：

(a) 傷害之重大性超過行為人之行為效益；

或

(b) 其行為所致傷害嚴重及其賠償之財務上

負擔或其他致他人之類似傷害之賠償之

財務上負擔，不致使該行為之持續不可

能。

§ 827. Gravity Of Harm—Factors Involved

In determining the gravity of the harm from an intentional invasion of

another's interest in the use and enjoyment of land, the following

factors are important:

第827條 傷害之嚴重性-有關之因素

決定故意侵犯他人之使用、享受土地之利益

所受傷害之嚴重性，下列規定為重要因素：

(a) The extent of the harm involved;

(b) the character of the harm involved;

(c) the social value that the law attaches to the type of use or

enjoyment invaded;

(d) the suitability of the particular use or enjoyment invaded to the

character of the locality; and

(e) the burden on the person harmed of avoiding the harm.

(a) 牽涉之傷害之程度；

(b) 牽涉之傷害之性質；

(c) 法律就受侵犯之土地使用、享受之態

樣，所附加之社會價值；

(d) 受侵犯之特定使用、享受與該土地座落

之恰當性；

(e) 受傷害者就避免受傷害所應負之責任。

§ 828. Utility Of Conduct—Factors Involved

In determining the utility of conduct that causes an intentional

invasion of another's interest in the use and enjoyment of land, the

following factors are important:

(a) the social value that the law attaches to the primary purpose of the

conduct;

(b) the suitability of the conduct to the character of the locality; and

(c) the impracticability of preventing or avoiding the invasion.

第828條 行為之效益-有關之因素

決定故意侵犯他人之使用、享受土地之利益

之行為之效益，下列規定為重要因素：

(a) 法律附加於該行為之主要目的之社會價

值；

(b) 行為與土地座落之恰當性；

(c) 禁止或避免該侵犯之不實際性。

§ 829. Gravity vs. Utility—Conduct Malicious Or Indecent

An intentional invasion of another's interest in the use and enjoyment

of land is unreasonable if the harm is significant and the actor's

conduct is

(a) for the sole purpose of causing harm to the other; or

(b) contrary to common standards of decency.

第829條 傷害之嚴重與行為之效益-行

為之惡意與不當性

故意侵犯他人之使用、享受土地之利益，如

該侵犯所致之傷害重大，且行為人之行為，

且行為人之行為符合下列規定之一，其故意

侵犯即無正當理由：

(a) 行為人之行為係專為致他人受傷害之目

的；

(b) 行為人之行為與一般行為之恰當性相違

反。

§ 829A. Gravity vs. Utility—Severe Harm

An intentional invasion of another's interest in the use and enjoyment

of land is unreasonable if the harm resulting from the invasion is

severe and greater than the other should be required to bear without

compensation.

第829A條 傷害之嚴重與行為之效益-

嚴重之傷害

故意侵犯他人之使用、享受土地之利益，如

該侵犯所致之傷害嚴重而超過該他人於無

賠償情況應忍受之程度者，其故意侵犯為無

正當理由。

§ 830. Gravity vs. Utility—Invasion Avoidable

An intentional invasion of another's interest in the use and enjoyment

of land is unreasonable if the harm is significant and it would be

practicable for the actor to avoid the harm in whole or in part without

undue hardship.

第830條 傷害之嚴重與行為之效益-可

避免之侵犯

故意侵犯他人之使用、享受土地之利益，如

該侵犯所致之傷害重大，而行為人之無須過

度艱辛，避免全部或依不傷害乃為可能者，

其故意侵犯為無正當理由。

§ 831. Gravity vs. Utility—Conduct Unsuited To Locality 第831條傷害之嚴重與行為之效益-行為

就土地之座落之不恰當

An intentional invasion of another's interest in the use and enjoyment

of land is unreasonable if the harm is significant, and

(a) the particular use or enjoyment interfered with is well suited to the

character of the locality; and

(b) the actor's conduct is unsuited to the character of that locality.

故意侵犯他人之使用、享受土地之利益，如

該侵犯所致之傷害重大，且符合下列規定

者，其故意侵犯為無正當理由：

(a) 受侵犯之特定使用、享受與該土地座落

之屬性為恰當；

(b) 行為人之行為不適於該土地座落之屬

性。

Topic 3. Invasions Resulting From The Pollution Or

Interference With Flow Of Waters

§ 832. Pollution Of Waters

An invasion of one's interest in the use and enjoyment of land or water

resulting from another's pollution of surface waters, ground waters or

water in watercourses and lakes may constitute a nuisance under the

rules stated in §§ 821A-831 of this Chapter.

第三節 水污染或干擾水流所致之侵犯

第832條 水污染

因污染表面之水、地下水、水流之水或湖水

而侵犯他人之就土地或水之使用、享受之利

益者，依本章第821A條至第831條之規定，

得成立「惱神思」。

§ 833. Interference With The Flow Of Surface Waters

An invasion of one's interest in the use and enjoyment of land

resulting from another's interference with the flow of surface water

may constitute a nuisance under the rules stated in §§ 821A-831.

第833條 表面水之流動之干擾

就表面水之流動之干預而致侵犯他人之土

地之使用、享受之利益者，依第821A 條至

第831 條之規定，得成立「惱神思」。