§ 141. Affray Or Similar Breach Of Peace
Either a peace officer or a private person is privileged to use force
against another or to impose confinement upon him for the purpose of
terminating or preventing the renewal of an affray or an equally
serious breach of the peace which is being or has been committed in
the actor's presence or of preventing such other from participating
therein, if
(a) the other is or the actor reasonably believes him to be participating
or about to participate in the affray, and
(b) the confinement or force is not intended or likely to cause death or
serious bodily harm, and
(c) the actor reasonably believes that the force or confinement is
necessary to prevent the other from participating in the affray or
other equally serious breach of the peace.
第141條 械鬥或類似之破壞和平行為
為禁止或預防在行為人之前發生或將發生
械鬥、互毆或類似之嚴重破壞和平之行為，
或為禁止或預防其他人之參與，和平公務員
或私人於下列情況下，得以力量對抗他人或
將之拘禁：
(a) 該他人正參與或將參與械鬥、互毆，或
行為人有正當理由相信他人正參與或將
參與械鬥；並且
(b) 對他人之施加力量或拘禁，並無意圖或
可能發生致人於死或重傷；並且
(c) 行為人合理地相信其施加力量或拘禁乃
為禁止他人之參與械鬥、毆擊或其他類
似嚴重之破壞和平行為。
§ 142. Riots
(1)Either a peace officer or a private person is privileged to impose a
第142條 聚眾騷擾
(1)和平公務員或私人為驅散聚眾騷擾之人
confinement upon or use force against another for the purpose of
suppressing a riot or preventing the other from participating in it if
(a) the other is or the actor reasonably believes him to be
participating or to be about to participate in the riot, and
(b) such force or confinement is not intended or likely to cause
death or serious bodily harm, and
(c) the actor reasonably believes that the riot can not otherwise be
suppressed or the other's participation in it otherwise be
prevented.
(2)The use of force or the imposition of a confinement which is
intended or likely to cause death or serious bodily harm for the
purpose of suppressing a riot or preventing the other from
participating in it is privileged if the riot is one which threatens
death or serious bodily harm.
群或預防他人之參與，得對他人施以拘
禁或施加力量，但須符合下列條件：
(a) 該他人參與或準備參與聚眾騷擾行
為或行為人合理地相信該他人參與
或準備參與聚眾騷擾行為；並且
(b) 對他人之施加力量或拘禁；並無意圖
或可能發生致人於死或重傷；並且
(c) 行為人合理地相信如非依其施加力
量或拘禁行為之方式，無法驅散聚眾
騷擾人群或預防他人之參與。
(2)如聚眾騷擾有致人於死或重傷之虞時，
為驅散聚眾騷擾之人群或預防他人之參
與，得施以致他人於死或重傷之力量，
或拘禁他人之行為。
§ 143. Felonies
(1)Either a peace officer or a private person is privileged to use force
against or to impose confinement upon another which is not
intended or likely to cause death or serious bodily harm for the
purpose of preventing any felony which the actor reasonably
believes the other is committing or is about to commit if the actor
reasonably believes that the commission or consummation of the
felony cannot otherwise be prevented.
(2)The use of force or the imposition of a confinement intended or
likely to cause death or serious bodily harm is privileged if the
actor reasonably believes that the commission or consummation of
the felony cannot otherwise be prevented and the felony for the
prevention of which the actor is intervening is of a type
threatening death or serious bodily harm or involving the breaking
and entry of a dwelling place.
第143條 重罪
(1)和平公務員、私人為禁止其合理地認為
他人正在實行或將實行重罪行為，並合
理地認為如非以不致於死或重傷之力量
或拘禁，不足以預防其犯罪行為之實行
或完成者，和平公務員或私人之行為得
享有免責之特殊權利。
(2)行為人合理地相信重罪之實行或完成如
非以意圖致人於死或重傷之力量或拘禁
無法防止，而所預防之重罪為有致人於
死或重傷或牽涉侵入他人居住處所之犯
罪種類，行為人之以致人於死或重傷或
可能致人於死或重傷之力量或拘禁他人
者，享有免責之特殊權利。
§ 144. Effect Of Excessive Force
If the actor applies a force to or imposes a confinement upon another
which is in excess of that which is privileged,
(a) the actor is liable for so much of the force or confinement as is
excessive;
(b) the other's criminal liability is not affected;
(c) the other has the privilege stated in §§ 63-75 to defend himself
against the actor's use or attempted use of excessive force or
confinement.
第144條 逾越必要力量之效力
如行為人對他人施加力量或拘禁他人，逾越
必要程度時，
(a) 行為人就其逾越之行使力量或拘禁部分
負責；
(b) 該他人之犯罪責任不因而受影響；
(c) 該他人就行為人之使用或意圖使用逾越
必要程度之力量或拘禁，得依第63條至
第75條之規定，行使自行防衛權。
Topic 3. Execution Of Process
§ 145. General Principle
One serving a process or executing an order of a court or other public
authority is privileged, if such process or order is valid or fair on its
第三節 執行程序
第145條 一般原則
法院之送達程序或法院命令之執行，如該程
序或命令於其表面為公平而有效時，就法院
face, to use such force against the person of another or to impose such
confinement upon him as is authorized by the order or is reasonably
necessary for the service of the process or the execution of the order.
之授權或為執行送達或命令之合理必要而
對他人施加力量或拘禁者，享有免責之特殊
權利。
Chapter 6. Military Orders, Discipline, And Protection Of
Others
Topic 1. Obedience To Orders Of Military Or Naval
Superiors
§ 146. General Principle
A member of the armed forces of the United States or any of the
several States is privileged to inflict a harmful contact or otherwise
invade another's interests of personality if such invasion is reasonably
necessary for the execution of a command issued by a superior, if the
command is
(a) lawful, or
(b) is believed by the actor to be lawful and is not so obviously
unlawful that any reasonable man would recognize its illegality.
第六章 軍事命令、懲戒權與他人之保護
第一節 陸軍或海軍上級長官命令之遵
從
第146條 一般原則
為美國國軍或各州軍事人員之一份子，為執
行其上級人員之命令之必要，如該命令符合
下列規定之一時，就其對他人之傷害性接觸
或其他侵犯他人身體，得免負責任：
(a) 該命令合法，或
(b) 行為人相信該命令合法，且該命令並非
明顯違法以致任何合理之人均得覺察其
非法。
Topic 2. Privilege To Discipline Children
§ 147. General Principle
(1)A parent is privileged to apply such reasonable force or to impose
such reasonable confinement upon his child as he reasonably
believes to be necessary for its proper control, training, or
education.
(2)One other than a parent who has been given by law or has
voluntarily assumed in whole or in part the function of controlling,
training, or educating a child, is privileged to apply such
reasonable force or to impose such reasonable confinement as he
reasonably believes to be necessary for its proper control, training,
or education, except in so far as the parent has restricted the
privilege of one to whom he has entrusted the child.
第二節 對未成年子女之懲戒權
第147條 一般原則
(1)父母於其合理地認為正當管束、訓練或
教育其未成年子女之必要，有對其未成
年子女施以合理力量或拘禁之免責特殊
權利。
(2)非父母而依法律或自願承擔全部或部份
之管束、教育或訓練未成年人者，於其
合理地相信為正當管束、教育或訓練該
未成年人之必要時，有施以合理力量或
將之拘禁之免責特殊權利。但父母將其
未成年子女委託他人管束、教育或訓練
而對於該他人之免責特殊權利有所限制
者，不在此限。
§ 148. Excessive Force
[The Section is omitted. The matter is now covered by § 150.]
第148條 逾越力量
【本條刪除；有關事項規定於第150條】
§ 149. Punishment Degrading In Character Or Permanently
Harmful
[The Section is omitted. The matter is now covered by § 150.]
第149條 使情勢惡化或永久性傷害之懲
戒
【本條刪除；有關事項規定於第150 條】
§ 150. Factors Involved In Determining Reasonableness Of
Punishment
In determining whether force or confinement is reasonable for the
control, training, or education of a child, the following factors are to
be considered:
(a) whether the actor is a parent;
(b) the age, sex, and physical and mental condition of the child;
(c) the nature of his offense and his apparent motive;
(d) the influence of his example upon other children of the same
family or group;
(e) whether the force or confinement is reasonably necessary and
appropriate to compel obedience to a proper command;
(f) whether it is disproportionate to the offense, unnecessarily
degrading, or likely to cause serious or permanent harm.
第150條 決定懲戒是否合理所牽涉之因
素
於決定對未成年人之管束、訓練或教育所施
之力量或拘禁是否合理時，下列因素應加考
慮：
(a) 行為人是否為其父母；
(b) 未成年人之年齡、性別、身體及心理狀
況；
(c) 未成年人之侵犯行為之本質及其顯示於
外之動機；
(d) 未成年人之行為對於同一家庭或同一團
體之其他未成年人之影響；
(e) 行為人所施加之力量或拘禁，就其適當
統御，是否合理地需要與恰當；
(f) 與未成年人之侵犯行為相較，懲戒是否
不成比例、不必要地使情勢惡化、或可
能致嚴重或長久性之傷害。
§ 151. Purpose Of Punishment
Force applied or confinement imposed primarily for any purpose other
than the proper training or education of the child or for the
preservation of discipline is not privileged although applied or
imposed in an amount and upon an occasion which would be
privileged had it been applied for such purpose.
第151條 懲戒之目的
就管束或教育未成年子女、保持懲戒權之必
要以外之其他目的，而做之施加力量或拘
禁，不得主張免責特殊權利，縱然其所施加
之力量或拘禁，於其量及場合，就管束或教
育未成年子女、或保持懲戒權之目的而行使
時，得享有免責特殊權制，但既非為該目
的，不得主張免責特殊權利。
§ 152. Partial Control Of Child
One who is charged only with the education or some other part of the
training of a child has the privilege of using force or confinement to
discipline the child only in so far as the privilege is necessary for the
education or other part of the training which is committed or
delegated to the actor.
第152條 就未成年人之部份管束
委託就未成年人施諸教育或其他訓練之
人，對於未成年人之紀律、訓練而施加力量
或拘禁者，僅於教育、訓練之委託授權所必
須之範圍而作之施加力量或拘禁，有免責之
特殊權利。
§ 153. Power Of Parent To Restrict Privilege
(1)One who is in charge of the control, training, or education of a
child solely as the delegate of its parent is not privileged to inflict
a punishment which the parent has forbidden or to punish the child
for doing or refusing to do that which the parent has directed the
child to do or not to do.
(2)One who is in charge of the education or training of a child as a
public officer is privileged to inflict such reasonable punishments
as are necessary for the child's proper education or training,
notwithstanding the parent's prohibitions or wishes.
第153條 父母對於行為人免責特殊權利
之限制權
(1)為父母之代理人而就未成年人管束、訓
練或教育之人，對於該父母所禁止之懲
戒施諸未成年人，或就未成年人依其父
母指示而作為或不作為而施以懲戒，不
得主張免責特殊權利。
(2)負責未成年人教育或訓練之人為公務員
者，於未成年人之適當教育或訓練之必
要而施以合理之懲戒，縱然違反其父母
之意願或其父母禁止懲戒，亦有免責之
特殊權利。
§ 154. Privilege Of One In Charge Of Group
One who is in charge of the training or education of a group of
children is privileged to apply such force or impose such confinement
upon one or more of them as is reasonably necessary to secure
observance of the discipline necessary for the education and training
of the children as a group.
第154條 管理一群未成年人之免責特殊
權利
負責一群未成年人之訓練或教育之人，就未
成年人之群體之訓練、教育之紀律之需要範
圍內，得對於未成年人之一人或多人施以合
理必要之力量或拘禁。
§ 155. Effect Of Excessive Force
If the actor applies a force or imposes a confinement upon a child
which is in excess of that which is privileged,
(a) the actor is liable for so much of the force or confinement as is
excessive;
(b) the child has the privilege stated in §§ 63-75 to defend himself
against the actor's use or attempted use of the excessive force or
confinement.
第155條 逾越必要力量之效力
行為人就未成年人施以力量或拘禁，逾越其
免責特殊權利範圍時：
(a) 行為人就逾越其免責特殊權利範圍之力
量或拘禁負責；
(b) 就行為人之使用或意圖使用逾越其免責
特殊權利範圍之力量或拘禁，未成年人
得依第63條至第75條之規定而行使免責
特殊權利(自衛)。
Topic 3. Privilege Ancillary To Duty Of Protection
§ 156. General Principle
One who is under a duty to protect a third person or his land or
chattels against harm from the misconduct of another is privileged to
use such force against or to impose such restraint upon the other as is
(a) reasonable in view of the threatened harm, and
(b) reasonably necessary for the performance of his duty.
第三節 保護責任之附屬免責特殊權利
第156條 一般原則
有保護第三人之身體、土地或動產免於受他
人不法侵害責任之人，得於符合下列規定之
情形，使用力量以對付，或對他人施以限
制：
(a) 就受威脅之傷害而使用力量以對付，係
合理之處置，而且
(b) 就其履行保護之責任，其使用力量或施
以限制。為合理之必要。
Chapter 7. Invasions Of The Interest In The Exclusive
Possession Of Land And Its Physical Condition (Trespass
On Land)
Topic 1. Intentional Entries On Land
§ 157. Definition Of Possession
In the Restatement of this Subject, a person who is in possession of
land includes only one who
(a) is in occupancy of land with intent to control it, or
(b) has been but no longer is in occupancy of land with intent to
control it, if, after he has ceased his occupancy without
abandoning the land, no other person has obtained possession as
stated in Clause (a), or
第七章 就排他性土地占有利益之侵犯
及土地之實體情況利益之侵犯
第一節 故意進入土地
第157條 占有之定義
於本整編，一人之占有土地，係僅包括下列
所規定之情形：
(a) 一人之以控制該土地之故意而據有；或
(b) 一人之以控制該土地之故意而據有，其
後雖停止其據有該土地而未拋棄該土
地，但尚無其他人依(a)款之規定，取得
該土地之占有；或
(c) has the right as against all persons to immediate occupancy of
land, if no other person is in possession as stated in Clauses (a)
and (b).
(c) 以無其他人依本條(a)款及(b)規定占有土
地，而(一人)有對抗所有人之直接據有該
土地之權。
§ 158. Liability For Intentional Intrusions On Land
One is subject to liability to another for trespass, irrespective of
whether he thereby causes harm to any legally protected interest of the
other, if he intentionally
(a) enters land in the possession of the other, or causes a thing or a
third person to do so, or
(b) remains on the land, or
(c) fails to remove from the land a thing which he is under a duty to
remove.
第158條 故意侵入土地之責任
如故意作下列行為之一，不論是否因而致他
人之法律上保護利益受到傷害，均應負責：
(a) 進入他人占有之土地，或使一物或第三
人進入他人占有之土地；或
(b) 停留於土地；或
(c) 就一物之置於土地上，有責任將之移離
而怠於移離。
§ 159. Intrusions Upon, Beneath, And Above Surface Of
Earth
(1)Except as stated in Subsection (2), a trespass may be committed
on, beneath, or above the surface of the earth.
(2)Flight by aircraft in the air space above the land of another is a
trespass if, but only if,
(a) it enters into the immediate reaches of the air space next to the
land, and
(b) it interferes substantially with the other's use and enjoyment of
his land.
第159條 土地之上、之下、及其層面之
侵犯
(1)除本條第2項規定外，故意侵權行為可能
於土地之上、之下及土地層面實施。
(2)飛行器於他人之土地之上空飛行係故意
侵權行為，但於符合，而且亦僅於符合，
下列情況之下，方為故意侵權行為：
(a) 飛行器進入緊毗鄰土地之直接上
空，而且
(b) 實質地干擾他人就其土地之使用與
享受。
§ 160. Failure To Remove Thing Placed On Land Pursuant
To License Or Other Privilege
A trespass may be committed by the continued presence on the land
of a structure, chattel, or other thing which the actor or his
predecessor in legal interest has placed on the land
(a) with the consent of the person then in possession of the land, if the
actor fails to remove it after the consent has been effectively
terminated, or
(b) pursuant to a privilege conferred on the actor irrespective of the
possessor's consent, if the actor fails to remove it after the
privilege has been terminated, by the accomplishment of its
purpose or otherwise.
第160條 基於許可或其他免責事由而置
於土地之物，其後怠於移離
(a) 行為人或其法律上利益之前手經土地占
有人之同意，而於土地置有建造物、動
產或其他物，於該同意經有效中止後，
仍置於該土地，行為人怠於移離，即為
故意侵權行為。
(b) 不論土地占有人是否同意，行為人基於
免責事由而於土地置有建造物、動產或
其他物，其免責事由因目的達成或其他
理由而中止後，仍置於該土地，行為人
怠於疑離，即為故意侵權行為。
§ 161. Failure To Remove Thing Tortuously Placed On
Land
(1)A trespass may be committed by the continued presence on the
land of a structure, chattel, or other thing which the actor has
tortuously placed there, whether or not the actor has the ability to
第161條 以侵權行為方式(非法)置於土
地之物，其後怠於移離
(1)行為人以侵權行為方式(非法)置建造
物、動產或其他物於他人之土地而持續
置於該土地，不論行為人是否有能力將
remove it.
(2)A trespass may be committed by the continued presence on the
land of a structure, chattel, or other thing which the actor's
predecessor in legal interest therein has tortuously placed there, if
the actor, having acquired his legal interest in the thing with
knowledge of such tortuous conduct or having thereafter learned
of it, fails to remove the thing.
之移離，均得構成故意侵權行為。
(2)行為人之法律上利益前手以侵權行為方
式置建造物、動產或其他物於他人之土
地，行為人知悉其前手之侵權行為而取
得該置於他人土地之物之法律上利益，
或於取得該物之法律上利益之後知悉，
但怠於將之移離，而持續留於他人之土
地時，得構成故意侵權行為。
§ 162. Extent Of Trespasser's Liability For Harm
A trespass on land subjects the trespasser to liability for physical harm
to the possessor of the land at the time of the trespass, or to the land or
to his things, or to members of his household or to their things, caused
by any act done, activity carried on, or condition created by the
trespasser, irrespective of whether his conduct is such as would
subject him to liability were he not a trespasser.
第162條 侵入行為就(他人所受)傷害所
應負責任之範圍
土地之故意侵權行為，係因故意侵權行為人
之行為、所從事之活動或其行為所形成之情
況而致者，故意侵權行為人對於土地占有人
所受之實體傷害、土地或土地占有人之物之
實體傷害、或其家屬所受之實體傷害、其家
屬所有之物之實體傷害，應負責任；縱然該
故意侵權行為人如非侵權行為人時，其行為
毋須負責，亦應負責。
§ 163. Intended Intrusions Causing No Harm
One who intentionally enters land in the possession of another is
subject to liability to the possessor for a trespass, although his
presence on the land causes no harm to the land, its possessor, or to
any thing or person in whose security the possessor has a legally
protected interest.
第163條 故意侵入而未致傷害
故意進入他人占有之土地，縱然其出現於該
土地，未致土地、土地占有人、或土地占有
人就其安全有法律上保護利益之任何物或
人之傷害，行為人仍應對占有人就其侵權行
為負責。
§ 164. Intrusions Under Mistake
One who intentionally enters land in the possession of another is
subject to liability to the possessor of the land as a trespasser,
although he acts under a mistaken belief of law or fact, however
reasonable, not induced by the conduct of the possessor, that he
(a) is in possession of the land or entitled to it, or
(b) has the consent of the possessor or of a third person who has the
power to give consent on the possessor's behalf, or
(c) has some other privilege to enter or remain on the land.
第164條 因錯誤而侵入
因法律或事實錯誤，不論其錯誤是否合理，
如非因土地占有人之行為所誘致，而有下列
之錯誤者，應對土地占有人以故意侵權行為
人而負責：
(a) 行為人誤認為(自己有權而實際)占有土
地，或有權占有該土地；或
(b) 行為人誤認為土地占有人同意其進入，
或經有代理土地占有人行使同意權之第
三人之同意其進入；或
(c) 基於其他免責事由得進入或停留於該土
地。
Topic 2. Reckless Or Negligent Entries On Land And Those
Resulting From Extra Hazardous Activities
§ 165. Liability For Intrusions Resulting From Reckless Or
Negligent Conduct And Abnormally Dangerous Activities
第二節 魯莽棄置不顧行為或過失行為
而進入土地及極端危險活動之後果
第165條 因魯莽棄置不顧或過失行為及
不尋常之危險行為而侵入之責任
One who recklessly or negligently, or as a result of an abnormally
dangerous activity, enters land in the possession of another or causes a
thing or third person so to enter is subject to liability to the possessor
if, but only if, his presence or the presence of the thing or the third
person upon the land causes harm to the land, to the possessor, or to a
thing or a third person in whose security the possessor has a legally
protected interest.
因魯莽棄置不顧或過失行為、或因不尋常危
險活動而進入他人占有之土地，或使物或第
三人進入他人占有之土地時，應負責任；惟
其責任限於，但也僅限於，行為人或物或第
三人之出現於土地，對於該土地、土地占有
人、或占有人就其安全有法律上保護利益之
物或第三人，受到傷害時，方負責任。
Topic 3. Accidental Entries On Land
§ 166. Non–Liability For Accidental Intrusions
Except where the actor is engaged in an abnormally dangerous
activity, an unintentional and non-negligent entry on land in the
possession of another, or causing a thing or third person to enter the
land, does not subject the actor to liability to the possessor, even
though the entry causes harm to the possessor or to a thing or third
person in whose security the possessor has a legally protected interest.
第三節 意外侵入土地
第166條 意外侵入土地，毋須負責
除非行為人從事極不尋常危險之活動，其無
故意或過失而進入他人占有之土地，或使物
或第三人進入他人占有之土地，毋須對土地
占有人負責；縱然因而致土地占有人、或占
有人就其安全有法律上保護利益之物或第
三人受傷害，亦毋須負責。
Chapter 8. Privileged Entries On Land
Topic 1. Privileges Arising Out Of A Transaction Between
The Parties Or Their Predecessors
Title A. Consent
§ 167. Effect Of Consent Of Possessor
The rules stated in §§ 892-892D as to the effect of consent to the
actor's conduct apply to entry or remaining on land.
第八章 進入(他人)土地之免責特殊權
利
第一節 因當事人間之交易行為或當事
人之前手間之交易行為而生之免責特殊
權利
第一款 同意
第167條 占有人之同意之效力
第892條至第897D條關於就行為人之行為
同意之效力之規定，同意進入或停留於土地
之效力亦有其適用。
§ 168. Conditional Or Restricted Consent
A conditional or restricted consent to enter land creates a privilege to
do so only in so far as the condition or restriction is complied with.
第168條 附條件或限制之同意
就進入土地附條件或有限制之同意，行為人
僅於遵守該條件或限制時，其行為方為免責
之特殊權利。
§ 169. Consent Restricted As To Area
A consent given by a possessor of land to the actor's presence on a
part of the land does not create a privilege to enter or remain on any
other part.
第169條 僅限於特定範圍之同意
土地占有人就行為人之出現於土地之特定
區域給予同意者，並未因而使行為人享有進
入或停留於土地之其他部份之免責特殊權
利。
§ 170. Consent Conditioned Or Restricted As To Time 第170條 就時間而附條件或限制之同意
A consent given by a possessor of land to the actor's presence on the
land during a specified period of time does not create a privilege to
enter or remain on the land at any other time.
土地占有人就行為人之出現於其土地，僅限
於行為人於特定期間出現於其土地而給予
同意者，並未因而使行為人享有於其他時間
進入或停留於其土地之免責特殊權利。
§ 171. Termination Of Consent
Subject to the privileges of reasonable egress and removal of things,
the actor's privilege to enter land created by consent of the possessor
is terminated by
(a) the doing of any act, or the happening of any event, or the lapse of
any specified period of time by which the consent is restricted, or
(b) a revocation of the possessor's consent, of which the actor knows
or has reason to know, or
(c) a transfer or other termination of the possessor's possessory
interest in the land.
第171條 同意之終止
除合理之離去及移離物品之免責特殊權利
另有規定外，因土地占有人之同意而進入之
免責特殊權利，於下列情形之一時終止：
(a) 行為人之同意所附加之限制之某行為之
作成、事件之發生或特定期間之屆至；
或
(b) 土地占有人撤銷其同意而行為人知悉，
或有理由知悉；或
(c) 土地占有之移轉或其他終止土地占有人
之土地占有利益。
§ 172. Consent Obtained By Duress
Consent obtained by duress upon the possessor of land exerted by the
actor, or by a third person to the knowledge of the actor, is not
effective as a consent to his entry.
第172條 因脅迫而致之同意
土地占有人之同意係因行為人之脅迫，或第
三人之脅迫而為行為人所知悉者，該同意行
為人之進入其土地，不生效力。
§ 173. Consent Under Misrepresentation Or Mistake
The rules stated in § 892B as to consent induced by misrepresentation
or mistake apply to entry or remaining on land.
第173條 因不實說明或錯誤而致之同意
第892B條所規定之因不實說明或錯誤而致
之同意，就因不實說明或錯誤之同意進入或
停留於土地，準用之。
§ 174. Consent Under Fraud Or Mistake As To Validity Of
Legal Authority
The rule stated in § 892B(3) as to consent induced by fraud or mistake
as to the validity of purported legal authority applies to entry or
remaining on land.
第174條 因詐欺或關於法律授權之效力
之錯誤而致之同意
第892B條第(3)項關於因詐欺或就有關法律
授權之效力之錯誤而致之同意，就進入或停
留於土地之情形，準用之。
§ 175. Possessor Lacking Capacity To Consent
The rule stated in § 892A(2) as to capacity to consent applies to entry
or remaining on land.
第175條 占有人能力欠缺而作之同意
第892A條第(2)項關於同意之能力之規定，
於同意進入或停留於土地之情形，準用之。
Title B. Privileges Based On Past Consent-Irrevocable
License
§ 176. Former Licensee Leaving Land
第二款 本於先前同意而生之免責特殊
權利一不得撤銷之許可
第176條 先前取得許可之人之離開土地
If the consent of a possessor of land to the actor's presence on the land
is terminated or suspended, the actor's presence on the land while
leaving it with reasonable promptness and in a reasonable manner is
privileged, as against the possessor or his transferee, unless the actor
knew or had reason to know the time of such termination or
suspension a reasonable period in advance.
土地占有人之同意行為人出現於其土地，業
經終止或暫時停止，行為人之仍出現於該土
地，除非已於合理期間之前知悉或有理由知
悉該同意業經終止或暫時停止之時間，行為
人以合理之快速、合理之方式離開土地者，
得對土地占有人或其受讓人主張免責之特
殊權利。
§ 177. Former Licensee Removing Things From Land
If the possessor consents to the presence on the land of a thing which
is to be removed at some time thereafter, and if such consent is
terminated or suspended, one entitled to the immediate possession of
the thing is privileged, as against such possessor and his transferee, to
be on the land at a reasonable time for the purpose of removing the
thing in a reasonable manner and with reasonable promptness, unless
he knows or has reason to know the time of such termination or
suspension a reasonable period in advance.
第177條 先前取得許可之人之將物從土
地移離
如土地占有人同意一物置於其土地而須於
其後移離，且如該同意其後經終止或暫時停
止，就該物有即時占有權之人，除非已於合
理期間之前知悉或有理由知悉該同意業經
終止或暫時停止之時間，於合理時間以移離
該物之目的，以合理方式、合理之快速，出
現於土地而移離該物者，得對該土地占有人
或其受讓人主張免責之特殊權利。
§ 178. Former Tenant Leaving Land And Removing
Chattels
(1)A former tenant of land, whose reversionary or remainder man has
taken possession of the land, is privileged to be on the land while
he is leaving it or removing his chattels from it at a reasonable
time, in a reasonable manner, and with reasonable promptness,
unless he knew or had reason to know of the termination of his
lease a reasonable period in advance.
(2)The privilege stated in Subsection (1) is also available
(a) to the tenant's licensee or subtenant or a successor to the
tenant's legal interest in the chattel, under circumstances such
that the licensee, subtenant, or successor would be privileged
as against the tenant to be on the land;
(b) against a transferee of the reversionary or remainder man.
第178條 原承租人之離開土地及移離動
產
(1)土地承租人於有回復權之人或有遺留權
之人占有該土地時，除非已於合理期間
之前知悉或有理由知悉租賃關係之終
止，為準備離開土地而停留於該土地，
或於合理期間、以合理方式、合作快速
移離該土地之動產，有免責之特殊權利。
(2)前項所規定之免責特殊權利，於下列情
形，亦有其適用：
(a) 承租人授與許可之人、次承租人或就
承租人於動產有法律上利益之繼承
人(繼受人)，於前項規定之情形，亦
得對承租人主張出現於土地之免責
特殊權利；
(b) 對有回復權之人或有遺留權之人之
受讓人，亦得主張免責之特殊權利。
§ 179. Cultivation And Removal Of Crops Planted By
Former Tenant
A tenant of land or his successor in legal interest who is entitled after
the expiration of the tenancy to a crop planted by the tenant during his
tenancy is privileged, at reasonable times and in a reasonable manner,
to be on the land after the tenancy has terminated for the purpose of
cultivating, harvesting, or removing such crop.
第179條 原承租人所播種之農作物之培
植、移離
原承租人於租賃期間內所播種之農作物，於
租賃期間屆至後，該承租人或其法律上之利
益之繼承人(繼受人)，得於合理期間、合理
方式出現於土地，以培植、收成或移離該農
作物。
§ 180. Removal Of Fixtures By Former Tenant
A tenant of land or his successor in legal interest who is entitled at the
expiration of the tenancy to a structure or other thing erected on or
affixed to the land during the tenancy, is privileged to be on the land
for the purpose of severing and removing such thing at a reasonable
time, in a reasonable manner, and with reasonable promptness.
第180條 原承租人之移離附合物
土地承租人或其法律上利益之繼承人(繼受
人)，於租賃期間屆至時，就租賃期間所樹
立或附著於土地之建造物或其他物有權利
者，得為切開、移離該物之目的而出現於土
地，於合理時間、合理方式、合理快速將之
切開、移離之免責特殊權利。
§ 181. Removal By Transferee Of Thing Situated On
Transferor's Land
(1)Except as otherwise agreed, one to whom a possessor of land has
voluntarily transferred inter vivos the right to possession of a thing
which is, and at the time of the transfer was, on land in the
transferor's possession, is privileged, within a reasonable time and
in a reasonable manner, to be on the land for the purpose of taking
possession of the thing and removing it from the land.
(2)The privilege stated in Subsection (1) is also available
(a) in favor of one who has succeeded to the legal interest of the
transferee in the thing, and
(b) against a transferee of the land.
第181條 受讓人就置於讓與人土地之物
之移離
(1)除當事人另有約定外，土地占有人自願
就於轉讓時置於土地、且為其占有之物
之轉讓者，受讓人於合理時間、以合理
方式進入土地以占有該物並自土地將之
移離，有免責之特殊權利。
(2)前項所規定之免責特殊權利，於下列情
形亦有適用：
(a) 該物之受讓人之法律上利益繼承人
(亦得主張)；並且
(b) 亦得對該土地之受讓人(主張免責特
殊權利)。
§ 182. Removal By Transferor Of Land Of Thing Reserved
By Him
Except as otherwise agreed, a transferor of a possessory interest in
land who by reservation retains the right to possession of a thing
situated on the land, or a successor to his legal interest in the thing, is
privileged, as against his transferee or a subsequent transferee of the
land, within and at a reasonable time and in a reasonable manner, to
enter the land after the transfer, for the purpose of taking possession
of the thing and removing it from the land.
第182條 土地讓與人就其保留之物之移
離
除當事人另有約定外，土地占有利益之讓與
人因保留條款而就置於土地之物保留占有
權利者，該讓與人或對於置於該土地之物之
法律上利益繼承人(繼受人)，得對土地之受
讓人或次受讓人，於土地轉讓後之合理期間
內之合理時間，合理方式進入土地，以占有
該物並將該物自該土地移離，而享有免責特
殊權利。
§ 183. Removal Of Thing By Conditional Vendor, Lesser,
Chattel Mortgagee, Ledger, Mortgagor, Or Bailer
(1)Except as otherwise agreed, a conditional vendor or lesser of a
thing who is entitled to immediate possession thereof, or a
successor to his legal interest in the thing, is privileged, at a
reasonable time and in a reasonable manner, to enter land in the
possession of the vendee or lessee, for the purpose of taking
possession of the thing and removing it from the land.
(2)The privilege stated in Subsection (1) is also available against
(a) a transferee of the thing or the land, or
第183條 附條件買賣之出賣人、出租
人、動產抵押權人、抵押人、寄託人之
將物移離
(1)除當事人另有約定外，物之附條件買賣
之出賣人或出租人就物有即時占有權
時，該出賣人、出租人或就該物之法律
上利益之繼承人，得於合理時間、以合
理方式進入買受人或承租人占有之土
地，以占有該物，並將該物自土地移離，
而享有免責特殊權利。
(2)前項所規定之免責特殊權利，對下列之
人，亦得主張：
(a) 該物或該土地之受讓人；或
(b) a possessor of land who, knowing or having reason to know of
the transaction, has placed the thing on the land or consented
to its being placed there.
(3)The privileges stated in Subsections (1) and (2) are also available
to
(a) a chattel mortgagee, or the holder of other security
instruments,
(b) a mortgagor or ledger of a thing who by satisfying his
obligation has become entitled to the immediate possession of
the thing, and
(c) a bailer of a thing who by reason of the termination of the
bailment is entitled to the immediate possession of the thing.
(b) 土地之占有人知悉或有理由知悉該
交易行為，而將該物置於該土地或同
意該物置於該土地。
(3)前二項所規定之免責特殊權利，下列之
人，亦得享有：
(a) 動產抵押權人或其他有價證券擔保
之執票人。
(b) 物之抵押人或出質人於清償其債務
後，就該物有直接占有權：以及
(c) 寄託人於寄託契約終止而就寄託物
有直接占有權。
§ 184. Entry By Possessor Of Other Land To Rid Himself
Of Thing Wrongfully Permitted To Remain There
A possessor of land who, or whose predecessor in legal interest, has
consented to another's placing or leaving a thing there on condition
that the other remove it thereafter, which the other has unreasonably
failed to remove, is privileged, at a reasonable time and in a
reasonable manner, to enter land in the possession of the other in
order to place the thing there and so rid himself of it.
第184條 土地占有人進入他人土地以處
置原合法置放於其土地但未依法移離之
物
土地占有人或其法律上利益之前手同意他
人置放或留存物於該土地，並以該他人應於
其後將該物移離為條件；但該他人(不合理
地)怠於將之移離，該土地占有人得於合理
期間、以合理方式進入該他人占有之土地而
將該物置於其上，以拋棄對該物之占有，而
享有免責之特殊權利。
Title C. Privileges Derived From The Actor's Interest In
The Land
§ 185. Entry By Owner Entitled To Immediate Possession
A person entitled as owner to the immediate possession of land which
is in the possession of another, who enters or remains on the land,
does not thereby subject himself to liability for trespass on land.
第三款 行為人就土地上之利益而衍生
之免責特殊權利
第185條 有即時占有權之土地所有權人
之進入
就他人占有之土地有即時占有權之土地所
有人，進入或停留於該土地，並未因而須就
其進入、停留於該土地而負故意侵入土地之
責。
§ 186. Entry By Reversioner Or Remainderman To View
Waste, Make Repairs, Or Remove Things Severed
One who has an interest in land by way of reversion or remainder is
privileged at a reasonable time and in a reasonable manner to enter the
land
(a) in order to determine whether waste has been or is being
committed or suffered on the land, or
(b) in order to discover the need for and to make repairs which he is
privileged to make, or
(c) in order to take possession of and remove things severed from the
land to the immediate possession of which he is entitled.
第186條 有回復權或遺留權之人進入土
地以查閱毀損、修繕或將切斷之物移離
因回復權或遺留權而就土地享有利益之
人，得於合理時間、以合理方式作下列處置
之免責特殊權利：
(a) 進入土地以決定是否已發生、正發生、
正受人實施；或
(b) 進入土地以調查是否有需要修繕，並作
其有對之修繕之免責特殊權利之修繕；
或
(c) 進入土地而就有即時占有權之物與土地
切離，並將之移離。
§ 187. Entry By Landlord To Demand Or Distrain For Rent
A landlord is privileged, upon default in payment of rent, to enter the
leased land at a reasonable time and in a reasonable manner in order
to demand or distrain for the rent.
第187條 土地出租人之進入請求或強制
執行租金
土地出租人於租金怠於交付時，得於合理期
間、以合理方式進入該租賃土地以請求或強
制執行租金之交付，而享有免責之特殊權
利。
§ 188. Entry Pursuant To Easement Or Profit
One who has an easement over or a profit in land is privileged to enter
the land at reasonable times and in a reasonable manner for the
purpose of enjoying the easement or profit.
第188條 基於地役權而進入
就土地有地役權之人得於合理期間、以合理
方式為享有此種權益而進入土地，而有免責
之特殊權利。
§ 189. Entry By Tenant On Undermined Portions Of
Premises In Landlord's Possession
(1)A lessee of premises is privileged to be at reasonable times and in
a reasonable manner on those portions of the premises retained in
the possession of the lesser which are maintained or held open by
him for the common use of his tenants or for the particular use of
the lessee.
(2)Persons entering the premises in the right of the tenant have the
same privilege as is stated in Subsection (1).
第189條 承租人之進入由出租人占有之
未出租部分之房屋土地
(1)房屋土地出租人保留占有以提供承租人
使用或特定承租人之特定使用之未出租
部分之房屋土地，承租人得於合理時
間、以合理方式出現於該未出租部分之
房屋土地，而享有免責特殊權利。
(2)本於承租人之權利而進入房屋土地之
人，亦享有前項所規定之免責之特殊權
利。
§ 190. Entry To Build Or Repair Party Wall Or Division
Fence
A duty or privilege to build or repair a party wall or division fence
between land in the possession of the actor and land in the possession
of another, confers on the actor a privilege to enter the other's land, at
reasonable times and in a reasonable manner, in order to build or
repair such party wall or division fence.
第190條 進入以建立或修繕圍牆或籬笆
就行為人占有之土地或他人占有之土地間
之圍牆或籬笆有建立或修繕之責任或免責
特殊權利者，行為人得於合理期間、以合理
方式，為建立或修繕該圍牆或籬笆而進入該
他人之土地，而享有免責之特殊權利。
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