自強街87號

寒蟬效應（英語：Chilling Effect），新聞學領域用詞，源於美國。指新聞傳播媒體受到政府或是上層階級運用建制內形式 (如法律) 或是建制外的形式(如准否執照換發與否)，對於新聞傳播媒體進行控制，造成新聞傳播媒體無法有效擔任「第四權」的工作，也就是進行監督政府施政、以及守望社會善盡社會責任的功能。不過現在由於廣泛使用，現在只要是被上層權力階級控制，造成下層階級無法有效發表意見的情況，許多人都會用「寒蟬效應」一詞。
於法律領域，是指當下對言論自由的「阻嚇作用」，即使是法律沒有明確禁止的亦然。然而，在一般情況下，寒蟬效應現在經常用於以法律或不明確行動施加不必要的負擔，來禁止合法的講話。該詞早於1950年即有所使用，進一步地明確使用，乃於美國最高法院法官小威廉布倫南（William Joseph Brennan, Jr.，1906~1997，美國最高法院大法官)，用在司法判決中，作為一個法律術語。
在中文裡，將 ｢Chilling Effect｣ 翻成寒蟬效應，是源自成語「噤若寒蟬」。《後漢書‧杜密傳》云：「劉勝位為大夫，見禮上賓，而知善不薦，聞惡無言，隱情惜己，自同寒蟬，此罪人也。」古人認為「蟬嘶於夏秋，不久即死。古人不察，以為蟬到寒天，不能發聲。」乃以噤若寒蟬形容不敢作聲。

Street Name
When you buy securities through a brokerage firm, most firms will automatically put your securities into "street name." This means your brokerage firm will hold your securities in its name or another nominee and not in your name, but your firm will keep records showing you as the real or "beneficial owner." You will not get a certificate, but will receive an account statement from your broker on at least a quarterly and annual basis showing your holdings.

Holding Your Securities - Get the Facts

一、什麼是「存託憑證」(Depository Receipt，DR)？
國內上市公司將公司股票交付國外存託機構，並由該存託機構發行證明擁有該股票的憑證，出售給海外投資人並交易流通的一種投資工具，其持有人的權利義務與國內普通股股東相同。

二、什麼是ADR、EDR 、GDR、TDR？

平倉交易
平倉 (Liquidation)：將尚未結清的部位反向沖銷(軋平)。
期貨商品之何時進行結息及平倉？

A. 什麼是詢價圈購？
就是承銷商探詢市場實際需求狀況，據以訂定承銷價格，並配售給有意承購之投資人。而投資人參與詢價圈購僅係表達認購意願；承銷商受理圈購亦僅係探求投資人之認購意願，雙方並無購買或銷售之義務。主辦承銷商視投資人詢價圈購情況後，與有價證券持有人或發行公司議定實際承銷價格後，承銷商得自主決定銷售對象；被銷售對象亦得自主決定是否認購。

B. 什麼時候可以詢價圈購？

1. 訴之聲明：
A 被上訴人退貨契約債務不履行部分
(1) 請求廢棄第一審給付票據並利息判決 (票據§14I)

Universal Law
1. In law and ethics, universal law or universal principle refers as concepts of legal legitimacy actions, whereby those principles and rules for governing human beings' conduct which are most universal in their acceptability, their applicability, translation, and philosophical basis, are therefore considered to be most legitimate.
(1) When used in the context of ethics, the meaning of universal (from Gk. katholikos) refers to that which is true for "all similarly situated individuals." Rights, for example in natural rights, or in the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, for those heavily influenced by the philosophy of the Enlightenment and its conception of a human nature, could be considered as universal. The 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights is inspired by such principles.

UCC 英文全文

No, a tort, in common law jurisdictions, is a civil wrong which unfairly causes someone else to suffer loss or harm resulting in legal liability for the person who commits the tortious act, called a tortfeasor. Although crimes may be torts, the cause of legal action is not necessarily a crime as the harm may be due to negligence which does not amount to criminal negligence. The victim of the harm can recover their loss as damages in a lawsuit. In order to prevail, the plaintiff in the lawsuit must show that the actions or lack of action was the legally recognizable cause of the harm. The equivalent of tort in civil law jurisdictions is delict.
Legal injuries are not limited to physical injuries and may include emotional, economic, or reputational injuries as well as violations of privacy, property, or constitutional rights. Torts comprise such varied topics as auto accidents, false imprisonment, defamation, product liability, copyright infringement, and environmental pollution (toxic torts). While many torts are the result of negligence, tort law also recognizes intentional torts, where a person has intentionally acted in a way that harms another, and in a few cases (particularly for product liability in the United States) "strict liability" which allows recovery without the need to demonstrate negligence.
Tort law is different from criminal law in that: (1) torts may result from negligent but not intentional or criminal actions and (2) tort lawsuits have a lower burden of proof such as preponderance of evidence rather than beyond a reasonable doubt. Sometimes a plaintiff may prevail in a tort case even if the person who caused the harm was acquitted in an earlier criminal trial. For example, O.J. Simpson was acquitted in criminal court and later found liable for the tort of wrongful death.

Division 12. Defenses Applicable To All Tort Claims

Chapter 45. Justification And Excuse

§ 887. Capacity

Topic 4. Persons Liable

Title A. Liability Resulting From Active Conduct

§ 834. Persons Carrying On An Activity

Chapter 37A. Interference With Other Forms Of Advantageous Economic Relations

§ 774B. Intentional Interference With Inheritance Or Gift

One who by fraud, duress or other tortious means intentionally

Chapter 31. Abuse Of Process

§ 682. General Principle

One who uses a legal process, whether criminal or civil, against

Subtitle III. Abuse Of Privilege

§ 599. General Principle

One who publishes defamatory matter concerning another upon an

Division 4. Misrepresentation

Chapter 22. Misrepresentation And Nondisclosure Causing

Pecuniary Loss

Topic 2. Causal Relation Affecting The Extent Of Liability

But Not Its Existence

§ 454. General Principle

Chapter 14. Liability Of Persons Supplying Chattels For

The Use Of Others

Topic 1. Rules Applicable To All Suppliers

Title A. Duty To Control Conduct Of Third Persons

§ 315. General Principle

There is no duty so to control the conduct of a third person as to

Topic 3. The Interest Of The Person Entitled To Future

Possession

§ 243. Liability To Person Entitled To Future Possession

Topic 2. Privileges Arising Irrespective Of Any Transaction

Between The Parties

§ 191. Use Of Premises Of Public Utility